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. 2012 Apr 5;7(4):e33257. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033257

Figure 1. Conceptual model of the direct and indirect effects of grazing on bird population dynamics.

Figure 1

Dynamics of grass biomass (black arrows) is controlled through timing and intensity of grazing; double arrow represents cattle consumption of standing live and dead biomass. The bird model is a single stage matrix model.