Table 3.

Logistic Regression Results for Demographic and Substance Use Correlates of Depression (n=5,641)^*

Variable	Depression
	OR	CI
Female
No alcohol use	1.501	1.24, 1.81
Alcohol use, no binge	2.121	1.57, 2.84
Binge drinker	2.351	1.77, 3.13
Age	1.012	1.004, 1.016
Not married/living together	1.14	0.98, 1.32
African-American	0.721	0.63, 0.82
High school graduate or less	1.05	0.91, 1.21
Unemployed	2.211	1.93, 2.55
No health insurance	0.752	0.63, 0.89
Injury presentation	0.812	0.69, 0.94
Alcohol use:**
Alcohol use, no binge
Females	0.95	0.77, 1.16
Males	0.672	0.51, 0.89
Binge drinker
Females	1.17	0.93, 1.47
Males	0.743	0.57, 0.97
Use cocaine	2.931	2.20, 3.90
Use marijuana	1.571	1.32, 1.87

^*depression measured by the PhQ-9; OR=odds ratio, CI=confidence interval for OR

^**reference group=no alcohol; please note that an interaction between gender and alcohol use was identified in that the association of alcohol use with depression depended on the participant’s gender and the association of gender with depression depended on the level of alcohol use, therefore the OR’s for alcohol use are presented separately by gender and (similarly) separate OR’s are presented for gender (females, males are scored 0 and therefore are the reference group) for each alcohol category.

¹p < 0.001

²p < 0.01

³p < 0.05