Table 2.
Selected RCCT’s showing the effect of exercise training on inflammatory biomarkers in the elderly
| Reference | N+ | Age | Duration | Exercise Intervention | Inflammatory Marker |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kapasi et al., 2003 | 94 96 |
87±8 88±7 |
32 wk | Intermittent sessions of aerobic exercise, one episode of arm resistance training daily, 5×/wk | sTNFRII↔ |
| Nicklas et al., 2004 | 67 70 |
69±6 69±6 |
18 mo | 1 hour, walking 50–75% HRR and lower body resistance training with weighted cuff, 3×/wk | ↔CRP, ↔IL-6, ↔IL-6sR, ↔TNFα, ↔sTNFRI& II |
| Hammett et al., 2004 | 30 31 |
66±4 67±5 |
6 mo | 45 min, aerobic training estimated 80% of VO2 Max, 4x/wk (3× supervised, 1x unsupervised) | ↔CRP |
| Kohut et al., 2006 | 48 49 |
69.8±5.5 70.3±4.6 |
10 mo | 45 min, aerobic exercise class at up to 65–80% VO2 peak, 3×/wk | ↓CRP, ↓IL-6, ↓IL-18* |
| Nicklas et al., 2008 | 183 186 |
76.4±4.1 77.0±4.4 |
12 mo | 150 min/wk, walking at RPE 12–13, resistance training RPE 15–16 | ↔CRP, ↓IL-6 |
| Vieira et al., 2009 | 66 61 |
70±0.8 70±0.6 |
10 mo | 45–60 min, 60–70% VO2 Max, 3×/wk | ↓CRP |
| Campbell et al., 2009 | 53 62 |
60.5±7.0 60.9±6.8 |
12 mo | 45 min, 60–75% HR max, 5×/wk (3× supervised, 2x unsupervised) | ↓CRP, ↔IL-6 |
| Beavers et al., 2010 | 182 186 |
76.4±4.1 77.0±4.4 |
12 mo | 150 min/ wk walking goal at RPE 12–13, resistance training at RPE 15–16 | ↓IL-8, ↔TNFα,↔sTNFr I & II, ↔IL-6sR, ↔IL-1sRII, ↔IL-15, ↔adiponectin, ↔IL-1ra, ↔IL-2sRα |
+
top number experimental, bottom number control group;
*
TNFα was reduced in both groups
↓=significant reduction; ↑=significant increase; ↔=no change; CRP=C-reactive protein; IL=interleukin; TNFα=tumor necrosis factor alpha; kcal=kilocalorie, MET=metabolic equivalent; wk=week; ml=milliliter, kg=kilogram