The lung homogenates, (A) interleukin (IL)-1 β, (B) IL-6, and (C) tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, from the ventilated lungs in the surfactant (SF) group had significantly lower levels of IL-6 (P < 0.01) and IL-1 β (P < 0.01); TNF-α was not significantly different between groups. Analysis by Mann–Whitney U-test. Median, range, and P values are represented.