Figure 1. Antioxidant Structures and effect on ROS generation.

(A) Each antioxidant scavenges ROS as a consequence of their chemical structures. Each also has specific additional mechanisms: Diphenyliodonium (DP) inhibits NADPH oxidase, NAC increases cellular glutathione levels and resveratrol is a sirtuin activator. (B) Human differentiated adipocytes were preincubated for half an hour in DMEM with 1% BSA and 5 µM of the dye, CM-H₂DCFDA. Cells were then washed and media were changed to HBSS. Compounds were added (10 µM DPI, 5 mM NAC or100 µM resveratrol) in the absence or presence of 5 µM forskolin and fluorescent readings were taken for 1.5 hours at 37°C at wavelengths 485 nm excitation, 538 nm emission. Data are expressed as the relative change of the final value minus the initial baseline reading. The panel shows normalized mean values ± S.E.M. for three independent experiments; *p <0.05 vs. basal control, # p<0.05 vs. forskolin control.