Table 1. Characteristics of Subjects by Study Condition and Parole Initiation.
| Randomized | P-value* | Initiated Parole | P-value* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Collaborative Behavioral Management |
Standard Parole |
Collaborative Behavioral Management |
Standard Parole |
|||
| Total | 288 | 281 | 243 | 233 | ||
| Female Gender, N (%) | 46 (15.93) | 48 (17.08) | 0.72 | 40 (16.46) | 41 (17.6) | .75 |
| Age, mean ±SD | 34.15±8.77 | 33.67±9.12 | .53 | 34.44±8.71 | 33.79±8.97 | .42 |
| Race, N (%) | ||||||
| Hispanic/Latino | 40 (13.99) | 31 (11.03) | .29 | 38 (15.77) | 26 (11.16) | .14 |
| African American/Black | 143 (49.65) | 149 (53.02) | .42 | 118 (48.56) | 126 (54.08) | .23 |
| White | 102 (35.42) | 99 (35.23) | .96 | 84 (34.57) | 77 (33.05) | .73 |
| Asian | 1 (0.35) | 4 (1.42) | .17 | 1 (0.41) | 4 (1.72) | .16 |
| Native American/Pacific Islander | 3 (1.04) | 2 (0.71) | .77 | 3 (1.23) | 2 (0.86) | .74 |
| Other | 33 (11.46) | 23 (8.19) | .19 | 31 (12.76) | 21 (9.01) | .19 |
| Site, N (%) | .92 | .93 | ||||
| Richmond, Virginia | 39 (13.54) | 46 (16.37) | 39 (16.05) | 46 (19.74) | ||
| Bridgeport, Connecticut | 37 (12.85) | 37 (13.17) | 36 (14.81) | 36 (15.45) | ||
| Hartford, Connecticut | 27 (9.38) | 24 (8.54) | 26 (10.70) | 23 (9.87) | ||
| Wilmington, Delaware | 133 (46.18) | 125 (44.48) | 91 (37.45) | 82 (35.19) | ||
| Portland, Oregon | 34 (11.81) | 35 (12.46) | 34 (13.99) | 32 (13.73) | ||
| Providence, Rhode Island | 18 (6.25) | 14 (4.98) | 17 (7.00) | 14 (6.01) | ||
| Primary Drug of Abuse, N (%) | ||||||
| Heroin | 74 (25.69) | 53 (18.86) | .05 | 59 (24.28) | 49 (21.03) | .40 |
| Other opioids | 3 (1.04) | 4 (1.42) | .68 | 3 (1.23) | 4 (1.72) | .66 |
| Cocaine | 69 (23.96) | 68 (24.20) | .95 | 55 (22.63) | 54 (23.18) | .89 |
| Methamphetamine | 20 (6.94) | 19 (6.76) | .93 | 20 (8.23) | 17 (7.30) | .70 |
| Cannabis | 47 (16.32) | 47 (16.73) | .90 | 42 (17.28) | 40 (17.17) | .97 |
| Other | 75 (26.04) | 90 (32.03) | .12 | 64 (26.34) | 69 (29.61) | .43 |
| No. of Arrests Lifetime, mean ±SD | 13.46 ± 22.58 | 13.75 ± 23.16 | .88 | 14.06 ± 24.47 | 12.12 ± 14.37 | .30 |
| No. Arrests Past 6 mos., median [25%, 75%] | 1 [1, 1] | 1 [1, 2]* | .003 | 1 [1, 1] | 1 [1, 2]* | .01 |
| No. Times Jailed Lifetime, median [25%, 75%] | 6 [3, 10] | 5 [3, 10] | .07 | 6 [3, 12] | 5 [3, 9]* | .03 |
| No. Times Jailed Past 6 mos., mean ±SD | 0.62 ± 0.96 | 0.75 ± 1.23 | .19 | 0.59 ± 1.02 | 0.67 ± 1.07 | .37 |
| No. Mos. Jailed Lifetime, mean ±SD | 67.98 ± 58.30 | 65.24 ± 64.49 | .60 | 72.31 ± 60.95 | 67.58 ± 66.99 | .42 |
| No. Days Jailed Past 6 mos., mean ±SD | 15.27 ± 37.68 | 14.80 ± 35.92 | .88 | 17.27 ± 39.85 | 13.99 ± 34.51 | .35 |
| Lifetime Criminality Screening Form Score, N(%) | .98 | .81 | ||||
| Moderate (<10) | 137 (47.57) | 134 (47.69) | 131 (53.91) | 123 (52.79) | ||
| High (≥10) | 151 (52.43) | 147 (52.31) | 112 (46.09) | 110 (47.21) | ||
| No. Drug-related Crimes Lifetime, mean ±SD | 2932.7 ± 1594.1 |
2771.5 ± 1616.2 |
.60 | 2783.9 ± 1596.3 | 2611.4 ± 1635.1 |
.25 |
| No. Drug-related Crimes Past 6 mos., mean ±SD | 778.6 ± 1071.0 |
804.2 ± 1103.5 |
.78 | 809.8 ± 1158.6 | 852.9 ± 1200.6 | .69 |
*
comparing previous two columns