Table 2.

Gliogenesis in the mPFC is altered after self-administration of various drugs of abuse and after withdrawal in animal models of drug addiction¹

Stage	Source of reinforcement	Animal models	mPFC Gliogenesis2				Refs
			Proliferation	Survival
					GFAP-glia	NG2-glia
Binge/Intoxication	Positive reinforcement	Conditioned place preference	no data
		Drug self-administration
		Methamphetamine
		Intermittent access (1h/d, 2d/w)	↑	↑	--	↑	4
		Limited access (1h/d, 5d/w)	↓	↓	↓	↓	4
		Alcohol
		Nondependent drinking (30m/d, 5d/w)	--	--	ND		37
Withdrawal/Negative affect	Negative reinforcement	Conditioned place aversion	no data
		Increased self-administration during dependence
		Methamphetamine
		Extended access (6h/d, 5d/w)	↓	↓	↓	↓	4
		Alcohol
		Excessive drinking	↓	↓	ND		37
		during dependence

¹The effects of relapse on gliogenesis in the mPFC have not yet been studied.

²--, no change;

^↑increase;

^↓decrease;

^↓ND, not determined.