Table 2.

Overview of the experimental studies describing the role of stem cells in diabetic microangiopathy treatment and prevention. AD: adipose derived; BM: bone marrow; CB: cord blood; EPCs: endothelial progenitor cells; MSCs: mesenchymal stem cells; BRB: blood retinal barrier.

Complication	Cells	Outcomes	References
Neurological	CB-EPCs	Increased number of microvessels, Improved sciatic motor nerve conduction velocity, Increase of sciatic endoneurial nutritive blood flow	Naruse et al. Diabetes, 2005 [65]
Cardiovascular	BM-MSCs	Enhanced number of myocardial arterioles, Increase in fractional shortening, Mitigation of heart remodeling.	Zhang et al. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes, 2008 [79]
Wound Healing	BM-MSCs	Acceleration of wounds healing, Increase in capillary density.	Wu et al. Stem cells, 2007 [80]
Ocular	AD-MSCs	Repair of BRB damages	Yang et al. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2010 [81]
Wound Healing	BM-EPCs	Promotion of neovascularization.	Asai et al. Circulation, 2006 [89]
Neurological	BM-EPCs	Restoring of nerve conduction velocity, Increased blood flow in sciatic nerve, Increased nerves capillary density.	Jeong et al. Circulation, 2009 [90]