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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Apr 8.
Published in final edited form as: Sci Transl Med. 2011 May 18;3(83):83ra40. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3002099

Figure 6. Phosphodiesterase inhibition generates functional human regulatory cells.

Figure 6

(A) Frequency of Foxp3 positive cells derived from CD25−CD45RO−CD4+ T cells from human PBMC cultured with irradiated allogeneic APC in the absence (control) or presence of 20μM cilostamide.

(B) The same populations were examined for expression of CD25, CD127, CD62L and CD152; bold curves. Data representative of two independent experiments.

(C) PBMC were stimulated by allogeneic APC ± cilostamide as in A, re-isolated (conditioned T cells) and co-cultured with autologous PBMC (responders) driven by allogeneic APC. Responder proliferation was determined by thymidine incorporation. Results expressed as mean cpm ± SD of triplicate wells.

(D) BALB/c Rag2−/−/cγ−/− mice were transplanted with human arterial interposition grafts on day 0 and reconstituted i.p. the next day with 107 PBMC alone or together with 107 cilostamide-induced Tcilos driven by APC from the same PBMC donor. Grafts were harvested 30 days later. Representative EvG stained sections (left) and intimal expansion analysis from two independent experiments (right) are shown. Results are mean ± SEM.