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Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from five patients with active Crohn's disease (CD) who were not enrolled for the study and cultured with medium (unstimulated = Unst) or Smad7 sense or antisense (AS = GED0301). After 48 hours, the percentages of (a) CCR9± and (b) β7± cells expressing interferon 4(IFN)-γ or IL-17A were evaluated by flow cytometry. Data indicate mean ± SD of all experiments. *P ≤ 0.03. IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin.
