Table 1. Sources of written evidence of tungiasis in pre-Incan times*.
| Reference | Type of publication | Original language | Term for Tunga spp. | Chapter or article name and pages |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Guaman Poma de Ayala, 1615/1616 | Manuscript† | Spanish | Pique niua | Primer Capítvlo d los Ingas: Armas Propias. Milagro de Dios: p. 95 |
| (16) | Thesis | French | Chique, nigua, seccec | Chapitre II. Du Pulex penetrans, Chique ou Nigua: pp. 62–113 |
| (17) | Monograph | French | Chique, seccec | Introduction: p. 2 |
| Paul Groult, 1870 | Journal | French | Seccec | Les parasites extérieurs de l’homme (Suite): p. 6 |
| (20) | Thesis | Spanish | Pique, nigua, huchhuy piqui | p. 202 |
| (21)‡ | Journal | English | None | An Ancient Peruvian Effigy vase exhibiting disease of the foot. Plate XLV: p. 730 |
| (22)‡ | Journal | English | Piquinosis | Utosic syphilis and some other things of interest to paleo-American medicine, as represented on huacos potteries of Old Peru: By Albert S. Ashmead, M.D., of Canadensis, Pennsylvania (First Part). Fig. XIII: p. 336. Idem (Fourth part): p. 490 |
| (12) | Journal | English | Nigua | New Observations in Paleopathology: p. 246 |
| (23)‡ | Journal | English | Sandflea, nigua | Studies in Paleopathology: The diseases of the Ancient Peruvians, and some account of their surgical practices. Fig. 73-B: p. 216 |
| (24)‡ | Book | English | Sandflea, nigua | Chapter XV. Diseases of Ancient Peruvians. Plate CXIII (c): p. 532–533 |
| (25)‡ | Journal | Spanish | Parásitos | Arte Antiguo Peruano Tecnología y Morfología. Album fotográfico de las principales especies arqueológicas de la Cerámica Muchik existentes en los Museos de Lima. Primera Parte. Tecnología y Morfología: plate 65 |
| (26)‡ | Book | French | Piqui, piques | Chapitre premier. Le Mal et les guérisseurs. Les causes des maladies. Fig. 14: p. 44 |
| (27) | Book | Spanish | Huchuy piqui, nigua, pique | Volumen 1. La Medicina Incaica. Capitulo XVI. Las Enfermedades: p. 159 |
| (13) | Book | English | Piqui, sand flea | The Knowledge of parasites. Pre Columbian America - Peru: p.2. Treatment and prevention of parasitic diseases. I. External treatment: p. 212 |
| (28)‡ | Journal | English | Nigua, sand flea, Tunga penetrans | The Sandflea –Tunga penetrans: pp. 169–176. Representation of parasitic diseases and Parasites in Early African and pre-Columbian Art: II. Early American art. Nigua-Sandflea infection. Tunga penetrans. Plate XVI: pp. 208–209 |
| (29) | Bulletin | Spanish | Niguas | La Enfermedad en las creencias de los primitivos americanos: p. 28 |
| (14) | Book | Spanish | Niguas | Nosología precolombina. Parásitos externos. Pulgas: p. 92 |
*All sources are cited exactly as they appeared on the date of publication and in original languages. †This ancient and unique manuscript by the indigenous Peruvian chronicler Guaman Poma de Ayala has been digitalized by the Department of Manuscripts and Rare Books, The Royal Library of Denmark, and is available at www.kb.dk/permalink/2006/poma/info/en/frontpage.htm ‡Sources in which reproductions of tungiasis-depicting potteries are available.