Figure 2.

Human mtDNA Phylogeny

A schematic representation of the most parsimonious human mtDNA phylogeny inferred from 18,843 complete mtDNA sequences with the structure shown explicitly for bifurcations that occurred 40,000 years before present (YBP) or earlier, and a graph showing the explosion of haplogroups since then. The y axis indicates the approximate number of haplogroups from each time layer that have survived to nowadays. The upper and lower x axes of the rooted tree are scaled according to the number of accumulated mutations since the RSRS and the corresponding coalescence ages, respectively.