Table 1.

Themes of the opt-out approach to HIV testing

Benefits	Risks or Harms
Opt-out HIV testing... Theme: Improves the testing process Sub-theme: Streamlines the testing process Sub-theme: Overcomes barriers Sub-subtheme: Overcomes barriers to the individual being tested Sub-subtheme: Overcomes barriers to the provider conducting testing Theme: Has beneficial consequences Sub-theme: Beneficial consequences to public health Sub-theme: Beneficial consequences to individuals Sub-theme: Beneficial consequences to society Theme: Leads to increased testing, which has beneficial downstream effects	Theme: There are risks and harms inherent in the method or process of opt-out HIV testing Theme: There are associated problems when using opt-out HIV testing Sub-theme: Opt-out testing does not provide adequate consent Sub-theme: Opt-out testing does not provide adequate pre-test information Sub-theme: Opt-out testing will lead to increased testing, which can lead to an increased number of false positives or testing people who do not want to be tested Theme: There are conditions or situations when opt-out HIV testing presents harms or risks
How does opt-out HIV testing fulfill responsibilities to patients? Opt-out HIV testing... Theme: Leads to increased HIV testing, which has downstream effects Theme: Promotes HIV screening in clinicians Theme: Changes a paradigm of HIV testing Theme: Leads to increased testing, which has downstream effects Theme: Promotes patient health Theme: Overcomes patient barriers to testing	How does opt-out HIV testing violate responsibilities to patients? Opt-out HIV testing... Theme: Opt-out testing does not allow for adequate information delivery Theme: Opt-out testing changes the beneficiary of testing from the patient to public health or society Theme: Opt-out testing negatively affects patient trust
How does opt-out HIV testing respect patients' rights? Opt-out HIV testing... Theme: Provides an adequate process for patients to refuse testing Theme: Leads to increased testing, which has positive downstream affects on individuals Theme: Serves individuals and pubic health needs	How does opt-out HIV testing violate patients' rights? Opt-out HIV testing... Theme: Will likely be poorly implemented, which will violate patients' rights Theme: Does not provide for an adequate process for HIV testing Theme: Compromises individual patient needs Theme: Limits patients' options to make their own decisions