FIG. 2.

CVB3-specific antibody responses elicited by intranasal immunization with various combinations of LTN and VP1 genes in chitosan formulations. Mice were immunized with four doses of various DNA vaccines at 2 weeks intervals. The levels of CVB3-specific serum IgG (A), fecal IgA (B), the titers of neutralizing serum IgG (C) and fecal IgA (D) as well as the ratio of serum IgG2a to IgG1 (E) were examined by ELISA at week 10 following the first immunization. ND, not detected, *p<0.05. The results are represented as the mean±SD of three separate experiments. SD, standard deviation.