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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Apr 10.
Published in final edited form as: Ethn Health. 2010 Oct;15(5):441–458. doi: 10.1080/13557858.2010.486029

Table 4.

Rankings for future emphasis on elimination of stigma by race and language.

Race Language


Entity on which to place
emphasis for eliminating shame
and rejection associated with
HIV/AIDS
p-value N=297
Black African,
n (% of all)
N=81
Colored,
n (% of all)
p-value Afrikaans,
n (% of all)
English,
n (% of all)
Xhosa,
n (% of all)
Family
% that ranked Family 0.000 286 (96.3) 76 (93.8) 0.000 65 (94.2) 30 (90.9) 284 (96.6)
% that ranked as #1 261 (87.9) 52 (64.2) 43 (62.3) 27 (81.8) 260 (88.4)
Community members
% that ranked Comm 0.402 209 (70.4) 49 (60.5) 0.298 40 (58.0) 25 (75.8) 204 (69.4)
% that ranked as #1 27 (9.1) 10 (12.3) 10 (14.5) 3 (9.1) 26 (8.8)
Hospitals and clinics
% that ranked Hosp 0.895 230 (77.4) 52 (64.2) 0.816 44 (63.8) 22 (66.7) 231 (78.6)
% that ranked as #1 51 (17.2) 12 (14.8) 14 (20.3) 2 (6.1) 54 (18.4)
Provincial government
% that ranked Prv gov 0.110 73 (24.6) 15 (18.5) 0.882 14 (20.3) 6 (18.2) 73 (24.8)
% that ranked as #1 16 (5.4) 1 (1.2) 1 (1.4) 2 (6.1) 15 (5.1)
National government
% that ranked Natl gov 0.201 115 (38.7) 50 (61.7) 0.229 43 (62.3) 14 (42.4) 119 (40.5)
% that ranked as #1 29 (9.8) 14 (17.3) 13 (18.8) 3 (9.1) 29 (9.9)