Table 1.
Descriptive Statisticsa
|
POD sample (n=1,447,926) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Percent | Mean | Standard deviation | |
| Variable: | |||
| Dependent Variable: POD is Hospital | 20.3% | — | |
| Demographics: | |||
| Female | 69.0% | — | |
| Age in Years | 86.3 | 7.83 | |
| Diseases: | |||
| Diabetes | 27.3% | — | |
| Number of Cardiovascular Diseases | 1.47 | 1.10 | |
| Number of Musculoskeletal Diseases | 0.08 | 0.28 | |
| Number of Neurological Diseases | 0.32 | 0.55 | |
| Asthma, COPD, or Both | 0.24 | 0.46 | |
| Pressure or Stasis Ulcer, Stage 2 or Higher | 22.2% | — | |
| Renal Failure | 11.4% | — | |
| Pneumonia | 10.9% | — | |
| Septicemia | 1.7% | — | |
| Internal Bleeding | 1.7% | — | |
| Hip Fracture in Last 180 Days | 3.0% | — | |
| Other Fracture in Last 180 Days | 3.4% | — | |
| Tuberculosis | 0.04% | — | |
| Treatments: | |||
| Do Not Resuscitate | 73.7% | — | |
| Do Not Hospitalize | 8.3% | — | |
| Feeding Tube | 9.1% | — | |
| Dialysis | 1.7% | — | |
| Radiation | 0.4% | — | |
| Tracheostomy Care | 0.8% | — | |
| Ventilator/Respirator | 0.6% | ||
| Hospice sample (n=1,104,511) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Variable: | |||
| Dependent Variable: Resident utilized hospice | 32.7% | — | |
| Demographics: | |||
| Female | 64.9% | — | |
| Age in Years | 85.5 | 7.82 | |
| Length of Stay in Years | 1.13 | 1.65 | |
| African American | 7.2% | — | |
| Asian or Native American | 1.5% | — | |
| Hispanic | 2.5% | — | |
| No Schooling | 1.1% | — | |
| 8th Grade or Less | 20.8% | — | |
| Bachelor Degree or Higher | 18.1% | — | |
| Not Married | 73.0% | — | |
| Diseases: | |||
| Sum of ADLs (Range 0–64) | 27.9 | 8.43 | |
| Number of Diagnoses (Range 0–43) | 1.46 | 1.30 | |
| Congestive Heart Failure | 31.0% | — | |
| Dementia | 49.9% | — | |
| Emphysema or COPD | 22.2% | — | |
| Cancer | 17.3% | — | |
| Hip Fracture in Last 180 Days | 4.0% | — | |
| End-Stage Disease | 14.8% | — | |
| Swallowing Problem | 30.1% | — | |
| Weight Loss | 24.6% | — | |
| Weight Gain | 6.5% | — | |
| Pressure Ulcer: At Least Stage 3 | 8.6% | — | |
| HIV | 0.01% | ||
| Treatments: | |||
| Chemotherapy | 0.8% | — | |
| Dialysis | 2.1% | — | |
| Oxygen Therapy | 35.3% | — | |
| Radiation | 0.6% | — | |
| Suctioning | 2.5% | — | |
| Tracheostomy Care | 1.0% | — | |
| Ventilator/Respirator | 0.7% | — | |
a
The table provides descriptive statistics for all variables included in the final models.
ADL, activities of daily living; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; POD, place of death.