Table A3.
Details of the most significantly altered genes within the palatal mesenchyme.
| Gene | Entrez Gene Name | Function in the cell | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Most Upregulated | AMIGO2 | Adhesion molecule with Ig-like domain 2 | Cell–cell adhesion, apoptosis, adhesion, survival |
| NOX4 | NADPH oxidase 4 | Proliferation, expression, apoptosis, morphogenesis, aging, growth, cell death, NADPH oxidase activity | |
| TNFAIP6 | Tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced factor 6 | Signaling, adhesion, expansion, assembly | |
| DACT1 | Dapper homolog 1 | Multicellular organismal development; Wnt receptor signaling pathway | |
| ANKRD1 | Ankyrin repeat domain 1 | Apoptosis, colony formation | |
| PMEPA1 | Prostate transmembrane protein, androgen induced 1 | Apoptosis, growth; androgen receptor signaling pathway | |
| MSC | Musculin | Myogenesis; skeletal muscle development; palate development; regulation of transcription | |
| EDN1 | Endothelin 1 | Proliferation, migration, growth, apoptosis, gene expression, stimulation, pH, activation, invasion | |
| VDR | Vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor | Apoptosis, development, proliferation, homeostasis, differentiation, osteoclastogenesis, transcription | |
| KCNH1 | Potassium voltage-gated channel member 1 | Growth, proliferation, fusion, hyperexcitation | |
| HAPLN1 | Hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 | Cell adhesion; hyaluronic acid binding | |
| NEDD9 | Neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally downregulated 9 | Migration, invasion, proliferation, apoptosis, quantity, cell division, cell spreading, survival, activation | |
| ITGB3 | Integrin, beta 3 | Adhesion, migration, aggregation, cell spreading, proliferation, activation, apoptosis, invasion, angiogenesis; negative regulation of cell death | |
| Most Downregulated | GDF5 | Growth differentiation factor 5 | Differentiation, apoptosis, signaling, adhesion, proliferation, migration; cell–cell signaling; limb morphogenesis;TGFβR signaling pathway |
| SECTM1 | Secreted and transmembrane 1 | Immune response; mesoderm development; positive regulation of IKB kinase/NFKB cascade; signal transduction | |
| NPTX1 | Neuronal pentraxin I | Synaptic transmission, cell death, outgrowth, apoptosis, cell–cell contact, loss, chemotaxis; central nervous system development | |
| SMAD3 | SMAD family member 3 | Growth, proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, chemotaxis; cell–cell junction organization; cell cycle arrest; developmental growth | |
| OAS1 | 2′–5′-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 | Apoptosis; cellular response to interferon-alpha; cytokine-mediated signaling pathway; defense response to virus | |
| TBC1D8 | TBC1 domain family, member 8 | Proliferation, formation; blood circulation; cell proliferation; regulation of Rab GTPase activity | |
| TRERF1 | Transcriptional regulating factor 1 | Replication; homeostatic process; multicellular organismal development; regulation of transcription | |
| VSIG1 | V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 1 | Member of the junctional adhesion molecule (JAM) family | |
| TGFBR3 | Transforming growth factor, beta receptor III | Growth, apoptosis, proliferation, invasiveness, motility, movement, differentiation; epithelial to mesenchymal transition; TGFβ receptor signaling | |
| CA12 | Carbonic anhydrase XII | Growth; one-carbon metabolic process; type I membrane protein | |
| ARHGAP28 | Rho GTPase activating protein 28 | Positive regulation of small GTPase activity; signal transduction | |
| HGF | Hepatocyte growth factor | Migration, scattering, proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, growth, expression, motility, branching, morphogenesis | |
| NR4A2 | Nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 2 | Differentiation, maturation, degeneration, quantity, migration, growth, survival; negative regulation of apoptosis | |
| IFIT2 | Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 2 | Cellular response to interferon-alpha; cytokine-mediated signaling pathway; negative regulation of protein binding; type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway | |
| Cleft Palate-related | EDN1 | Endothelin 1 | Proliferation, migration, growth, apoptosis, gene expression, stimulation, pH, activation, invasion |
| INHBA | Inhibin, beta A | Apoptosis, growth, differentiation, cell cycle progression, proliferation, quantity, induction, cell death | |
| LHX8 | LIM homeobox 8 | Development, maturation, differentiation, quantity; female gonad development; forebrain neuron development | |
| PDGFC | Platelet derived growth factor C | Proliferation, migration, formation, mitogenesis, growth, chemotaxis, motility; activation of transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity | |
| PIGA | Phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class A | Morphogenesis, colony formation, hemolysis, quantity; biosynthetic process; cellular protein metabolic process | |
| RUNX1 | Runt-related transcription factor 1 | Differentiation, apoptosis, growth, proliferation, transcription, activation, survival; skeletal system development; DNA-dependent transcription | |
| SMAD3 | SMAD family member 3 | Growth, proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, chemotaxis; cell–cell junction organization; cell cycle arrest; developmental growth | |
| SNAI1 | Snail homolog 1 | Apoptosis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, migration, cell cycle progression, binding, transcription, dissemination; osteoblast differentiation; palate development | |
| TGFβ1 | Transforming growth factor, beta 1 | Multifunctional peptide that regulates proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, migration | |
| TGFβ2 | Transforming growth factor, beta 2 | Proliferation, apoptosis, growth, differentiation, cell cycle progression, cell death, migration, cytostasis, development; angiogenesis; axon guidance; blood coagulation | |
| TGFβR1 | Transforming growth factor, beta receptor 1 | Apoptosis, differentiation, proliferation, growth, migration, motility, cell cycle progression, phosphorylation; signal transduction; skeletal system development |