Table 1. Characteristics of HIV-positive women and their newborns participating in perinatal HIV transmission study, Kisumu, western Kenya, 1996–2001a.
| Characteristic | All women (N = 512)b | |
|---|---|---|
| Maternal sociodemographic |
|
|
| Luo ethnicity |
86.5% |
|
| Mean age (y) ± SD |
22.4±4.4 (range 14–39) |
|
| Mean gravidity ± SD |
2.3±1.4 (range 1–9) |
|
| Primigravid |
35.9% |
|
| Completed primary education (≥8 y) |
68.0% (n = 510) |
|
| No salaried employment |
74.3% |
|
| Married |
78.4% |
|
| History of fever and treatment for malaria |
|
|
| History of fever previous week at screening |
23.2% (n = 509) |
|
| History of fever a fortnight before delivery |
28.0% (n = 511) |
|
| Treated with antimalarials in current pregnancy |
30.9% |
|
| Treated with chloroquine during current pregnancy |
16.6% |
|
| Axillary temperature ≥37.5°C at screening |
2.9% (n = 455) |
|
| Laboratory |
|
|
| VDRL-positive |
7.3% (n = 385) |
|
| Hemoglobin <11 g/dL at screening |
84.4% (n = 418) |
|
| Hemoglobin <8 g/dL at screening |
20.6% (n = 418) |
|
| Mean maternal CD4+ count (% <200 cells/μL) 1 mo postpartum |
629±334 (4.7%) (n = 464) |
|
| Mean maternal log10 viral load at delivery (% below detection limit of 400 copies) |
3.28±0.92 (33.0%) (n = 455) |
|
| Peripheral parasitemia at screening |
21.9% (n = 415) |
|
| Peripheral parasitemia at delivery |
19.7% (n = 497) |
|
| Placental malaria |
25.0% |
|
| Delivery |
|
|
| Episiotomy or perineal tear |
36.4% |
|
| Mean duration of rupture of membranes ± SD (% >4 hours) |
2.7±6.2 (15.4%) |
|
| Newborn |
|
|
| Mean birth weight (% low birth weight) |
3144±420 (5.5%) |
|
| Prematurity (<37 wks completed gestation) |
8.2% |
|
| Maternal HIV transmitters | 102 (19.9%) | |
aVDRL, venereal disease research laboratory slide test. bIf characteristic not measured for all 512 women, n is given in parentheses.