Table 1. Characteristics of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers used to detect pathogenic Escherichia coli in mixed culture.

Target gene or virulence factor	Primera	Primer sequence (5´ to 3´)	PCR program (30 cycles)b	Product size (bp)	Reference
eae	11 21	GACCCGGCACAAGCATAAGC CCACCTGCAGCAACAAGAGG	95°C, 30 s; 54°C, 90 s; 72°C, 90 s	384	(8)
ehxA	11 21	GCATCATCAAGCGTACGTTCC AATGAGCCAAGCTGGTTAAGCT		534	(8)
stx1	12 22	ATAAATCGCCATTCGTTGACTAC AGAACGCCCACTGAGATCATC	95°C, 30 s; 52°C, 60 s; 72°C, 60 sc	180	(8)
stx2	12 22	GGCACTGTCTGAAACTGCTCC TCGCCAGTTATCTGACATTCTG		255	(8)
ltA	13 23	GGCGACAGATTATACCGTGC CCGAATTCTGTTATATATGTC	94°C, 60 s; 50°C, 60 s; 72°C, 120 sc	696	(9)
st1A	13 23	TCTGTATTATCTTTCCCCTC ATAACATCCAGCACAGGC		186	(9)
ipaC	1 2	CAGCAGATTGCAGCGCATAT CAAGAGCAGATGCATAACGC	94°C, 30 s; 59°C, 90 s; 72°C, 90 s	811	This study
bfpA	1 2	ATTGAATCTGCAATGGTGC ATAGCAGTCGATTTAGCAGCC	95°C, 40 s; 55°C, 40 s; 72°C, 40 s	461	This study
pCVD432	1 2	CTGGCGAAAGACTGTATCAT CAATGTATAGAAATCCGCTGTT	94°C, 40 s; 53°C, 60 s; 72°C, 60 s	630	(10)
aggA	1 2	ATGCATTACTTTGGGTTTAG TCAACCTTGACACTTGCC	94°C, 60 s; 50°C, 60 s; 72°C, 120 sc	414	This study
lacZ	1 2	TGATTGAAGCAGAAGCCTGC CGCCAATCCACATCTGTGAA	94°C, 30 s; 59°C, 90 s; 72°C, 90 s	1,350	This study

^aPrimers with the same superscript were used in duplex PCRs.
^bBefore the first cycle, the sample was denatured for 10 min at 95°C; after the last cycle, the sample was extended for 8 min at 72°C.
^c35 cycles.