Table 1.
High natural resource extraction |
Short food chains |
Food web simplification |
Habitat homogeneity |
Landscape homogeneity |
Heavy use of herbicides, pesticides, and insecticides |
Large importation of nonsolar energy |
Large importation of nutrient supplements |
Convergent soil characteristics |
Modified hydrological cycles |
Reduced biotic and physical disturbance regimes |
Global mobility of people, goods, and services |