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Ecological principles for conserving ecosystem processes
| Maintain or replicate |
| Species richness, structural symmetry, and keystone processes |
| Internal regulatory processes (e.g. predator–prey interactions) |
| External diversifying forces |
| Large habitat areas and spatial linkages between ecosystems |
| Ecological gradients and ecotones |
| Minimize |
| Erosion, nutrient leaching and pollution emissions |
| Landscape simplification |
| Landscape homogenization |
| Mimic |
| Natural process in production cycle |
