Table 1.
Child, mother and family characteristics-Preschool assessment (ECLS-B cohort, 2005-2006)
| Boys n = 2 450a |
Girls n = 2 700 |
|
|---|---|---|
| Child characteristics | ||
| Age (months) (mean, SE) | 52.7 (0.13) | 52.6 (0.10) |
| Race/ethnicity (%) | ||
| White non-Hispanic | 52.9 | 55.0 |
| African American | 15.8 | 14.1 |
| Asian | 2.4 | 2.6 |
| Hispanic | 24.3 | 23.8 |
| Other | 4.5 | 4.4 |
| Prematurity (gestational age < 37 wks) (%) | 11.2 | 11.0 |
| Birthweight (%) | ||
| < 2.5 kg | 6.1 | 7.8 |
| ≥ 4.0 kg | 10.7 | 5.9 |
| Birth rank (%) | ||
| Singleton | 19.0 | 16.9 |
| Eldest | 21.5 | 21.7 |
| 2d born | 34.3 | 34.4 |
| 3d born and more | 25.1 | 26.9 |
| Any breastfeeding (%) | 67.5 | 69.6 |
| Excellent/very good health status (%) | 87.7 | 90.0 |
| Television watching (hours/d) (mean, SE) | 2.5 (0.07) | 2.4 (0.06) |
| Center-based child daycare (%) | 63.3 | 59.3 |
| Mother characteristics | ||
| Age (years) (mean, SE) | 31.9 (0.22) | 32.0 (0.18) |
| Education (%) | ||
| No high school | 14.6 | 13.2 |
| High school diploma | 27.5 | 26.4 |
| Some college | 30.7 | 32.1 |
| College graduation | 27.2 | 28.3 |
| Married (%) | 70.8 | 71.4 |
| Overweight or obese before pregnancy (%) | 39.1 | 39.5 |
| Smoking during pregnancy (%) | 16.7 | 17.0 |
| Family characteristics | ||
| Living in an urban area (%) | 84.8 | 84.4 |
| Low socioeconomic status (%)b | 19.6 | 16.8 |
| English spoken at home (%) | 80.0 | 82.9 |
| Number of children < 18 y (mean, SE) | 2.4 (0.03) | 2.4 (0.03) |
| Number of dinners as a family per wk (mean, SE) | 5.5 (0.05) | 5.5 (0.06) |
| Parental involvement (%)b | ||
| No books/stories/songs each day | 34.6 | 28.4 |
| Outside walk or play few times a month or less | 14.3 | 15.2 |
Estimations of percentages, means and standard errors of the mean (SE) are weighted and take into account the complex sampling design. ECLS-B, Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey-Birth Cohort
aUnweighted sample size rounded to the nearest 50. bSee definitions in the Methods section.