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. 2011 Sep 23;412(3):495–504. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2011.07.059

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

(a) Siderophores biosynthesized by prokaryotes that contain one or more citric-acid-derived building blocks (highlighted in red). (b) Proposed pathway for achromobactin biosynthesis highlighting the reactions catalyzed by AcsD. (c) Reactions of citric acid with l-serine and analogues catalyzed by AcsD, resulting in amides and ester (and thioester) derivatives of citric acid.