Table 3.
Induction of his+ revertants in S. typhimurium strains by CaRP with and without metabolic activation (S9 mix).
| S. typhimuriumstrains | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Substance | Concentration (μg/plate) | TA98 | TA97a | TA100 | TA1535 | TA102 | |||||
| Rev/platea | MIb | Rev/platea | MIb | Rev/platea | MIb | Rev/platea | MIb | Rev/platea | MIb | ||
| Without metabolic activation (−S9) | |||||||||||
|
| |||||||||||
| NCc | — | 15.3 ± 1.5 | — | 86.3 ± 15.8 | — | 123.0 ± 13.1 | — | 8.3 ± 3.2 | — | 258.0 ± 40.1 | — |
| CaRP | 1000 | 24.3 ± 4.7 | 1.59 | 103.0 ± 20.2 | 1.19 | 137.0 ± 19.0 | 1.11 | 7.6 ± 2.0 | 0.92 | 237.0 ± 15.5 | 0.92 |
| 2000 | 25.0 ± 2.6* | 1.63 | 88.0 ± 11.7 | 1.02 | 123.7 ± 13.2 | 1.01 | 20.3 ± 12.8 | 1.44 | 260.0 ± 9.5 | 1.01 | |
| 3000 | 28.0 ± 9.6 | 1.83 | 117.6 ± 31.0 | 1.36 | 127.0 ± 8.6 | 1.03 | 12.0 ± 4.2 | 1.44 | 249.6 ± 12.4 | 0.97 | |
| 4000 | 29.6 ± 0.5** | 1.94 | 126.6 ± 21.3 | 1.47 | 125.7 ± 21.3 | 1.02 | 9.3 ± 2.5 | 1.12 | 253.3 ± 23.5 | 0.98 | |
| 5000 | 42.3 ± 3.0** | 2.76 | 111.0 ± 5.5 | 1.29 | 141.0 ± 6.1 | 1.15 | 14.3 ± 2.5 | 1.72 | 297.6 ± 11.5 | 1.15 | |
| PCd | 0.5 (4NQO) 1 (NaN3) |
156.3 ± 3.8** | 10.2 | 492.0 ± 62.9** | 5.7 | 469.7 ± 67.3** | 3.82 | 401.3 ± 26.8** | 48.2 | 1485.7 ± 186.2** | 5.76 |
|
| |||||||||||
| With metabolic activation (+S9) | |||||||||||
|
| |||||||||||
| NCc | — | 58.3 ± 8.0 | — | 106.6 ± 6.8 | — | 119.0 ± 15.9 | — | 10.6 ± 3.5 | — | 325.6 ± 8.3 | — |
| CaRP | 1000 | 68.0 ± 9.5 | 1.17 | 109.3 ± 7.5 | 1.02 | 115.0 ± 9.5 | 0.97 | 12.3 ± 4.6 | 1.15 | 318.6 ± 15.9 | 0.98 |
| 2000 | 71.3 ± 1.5 | 1.22 | 130.3 ± 17.0 | 1.22 | 110.0 ± 7.2 | 0.92 | 9.0 ± 2.6 | 0.84 | 384.6 ± 21.2* | 1.18 | |
| 3000 | 68.3 ± 5.5 | 1.17 | 136.0 ± 12.1 | 1.28 | 120.0 ± 1.7 | 1.01 | 13.0 ± 5.0 | 1.22 | 335.6 ± 25.7 | 1.03 | |
| 4000 | 60.6 ± 8.5 | 1.04 | 131.6 ± 9.2* | 1.24 | 121.0 ± 10.4 | 1.02 | 10.3 ± 3.0 | 0.97 | 394.0 ± 23.0* | 1.21 | |
| 5000 | 64.0 ± 7.5 | 1.10 | 132.6 ± 11.0 | 1.24 | 149.3 ± 21.2 | 1.25 | 13.0 ± 3.6 | 1.22 | 338.6 ± 28.5 | 1.04 | |
| PCd | 1 (AFB1) | 393.3 ± 98.2** | 6.74 | 466.7 ± 32.3** | 4.38 | 362.7 ± 136.6** | 3.05 | 172.0 ± 57.2** | 16.12 | 854.7 ± 134.6** | 2.62 |
aNumber of revertants/plate: mean of three independent experiments ± SD; bMI: mutagenic index (no. of his+ induced in the sample/no. of spontaneous his+ in the negative control); cPC: positive control (−S9) sodium azide to TA100 and TA1535; 4-NQO to TA97a, TA98 and TA102; (+S9) aflatoxin B1 for all strains; dNC: negative control distillated water (10 μL) used as a solvent for the extract. *Data significant in relation to the negative control P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.