DP level and phase as a function of x, including the effect of stapes reflectivity, for sharp cochlear passive tuning. NPS is observed starting from a cochlear position that is a decreasing function of |Rs|. For the active model (top panel), full inversion of the slope along the whole cochlea is progressively obtained with |Rs| between 0.5 and 1, with the maximum modulation amplitude (indicating stationary waves) obtained around the slope inversion place. For the passive model (whose activity pattern and DP source profile is much narrower), non-physical |Rs|>1 is necessary to get the NPS, with the largest stationary waves occurring for |Rs| = 1. The percentage phase jumps, associated with the minima of the amplitude, should not be considered when evaluating the phase slope, here and in the following figures.