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. 2012 Apr 11;7(4):e33391. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033391

Table 1. List of cultivars recorded in diets of wild chimpanzees and part(s) eaten.

Crop Part Eaten1 Study Sites2 No. Sites
Confirmed (Unconfirmed) Confirmed (All records)3
Avocado (Persea americana) F (Bos, Bul) 0 (2)
L Bos 1
Banana (Musa spp.)4 F Ben, Bos, Bul, Gom, Kib, Mah, Oko (Bil, Cad, Con, Gui, Hoi) 7 (12)
P Bos, Bul, Kib, Mah, Ner, Oko (Con) 6 (7)
L Mah 1
Un (Dja, Ivo, Kah) 0 (3)
Butter bean (Phaseolus lunatus) L (Bos) 0 (1)
S (Bos) 0 (1)
Cantaloupe (Cucumis melo) F (Bos) 0 (1)
Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) F Cad (Bos) 1 (2)
Cassava (Manihot esculenta) Fl (Bos) 0 (1)
T Bos, Oko (Gui, Hoi, Yea) 2 (5)
Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) F Bos, Bul, Dja (Hoi, Ivo, Taï, Yea) 3 (7)
Coconut (Cocos nucifera) F (Bos) 0 (1)
Coffee (Coffea sp.) Un (Ivo) 0 (1)
Cow pea (Vigna unguiculata) S Cad 1
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) Un (Dja) 0 (1)
Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) F Bos, Sil 2
Guava (Psidium guajava) F Bud, Bul, Mah (Bos, Cad) 3 (5)
L (Bos) 0 (1)
Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) F Bul, Hoi 2
Lemon (Citrus limon) F Mah, Rub (Cad) 2 (3)
Maize (Zea mays) F Bos, Bud, Gui, Kib (Yea) 4 (5)
P Gis, Mah (Bul) 2 (3)
Un (Bis, Hoi, Ivo, Kah) 0 (4)
Mandarin (Citrus reticulata) F Bos (Cad) 1 (2)
Mango (Mangifera indica) F Bos, Bud, Bul, Cad, Gom, Gui, Iss, Kas, Lop, Mah (Hoi, Kan) 10 (12)
Millet (unknown sp.) Un (Gui, Sil) 0 (2)
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) F Bos 1
L Bos 1
Fl Bos 1
Orange (Citrus sinensis) F Bos, Bul, Cad, Gui (Yea) 4 (5)
Papaya (Carica papaya) F Ben, Bil, Bos, Bud, Bul, Cad, Kas (Gui, Hoi, Ivo, Yea) 7 (11)
P Bos, Cad 2
L Bos, Cad 2
B Bos 1
W Bos 1
Passion fruit (Passiflora sp.) F Bul, Kas, Kib 3
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) S (Bos) 0 (1)
Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) S Mah (Bos) 1 (2)
Pineapple (Ananas comosus) F Bos (Bul, Gui, Hoi, Ivo, Yea) 1 (6)
P Bos 1
Pumpkin (Cucurbita sp.) F (Bos, Bul, Hoi) 0 (3)
Rice (Oryza sp.) P Bos (Ivo, Sil, Yea) 1 (4)
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) P Mah (Hoi) 1 (2)
Soursop (Annona muricata) F (Bos) 0 (1)
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) P Bil, Bos, Bud, Bul, Kas, Kib, Mah, Oko (Bis, Con, Gui, Hoi, Ivo) 8 (13)
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) T (Bos) 0 (1)
Tamarillo (Solanum betaceum) F Bul 1
Tea (Camellia sinensis) Fl (Gui) 0 (1)
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) F (Bos, Bul) 0 (2)
Yam (Dioscorea sp.) P Bul 1
T (Bos) 0 (1)
1

Part Eaten: F = fruit, P = pith, L = leaf, S = seed, Fl = flower, T = tuber, B = bark, W = wood, Un = unspecified;

2

Study Sites (+ = site record known or likely to concern ≥1 chimpanzee community; # = record is a nationwide survey comprising multiple localities): (a) Pan t. schweinfurthii: Ben = Beni [56], [57]; Bil = Bili-Uele+ [58]; Bud = Budongo+ [37]; Bul = Bulindi [41]; Con="East Congo”+ [59]; Gis = Gishwati [60]; Gom = Gombe [35]; Hoi = Hoima District+ [31]; Iss = Issa [61]; Kah = Kahuzi-Biega+ [62]; Kas = Kasokwa [63], [64]; Kib = Kibale+ [26], [65]; Mah = Mahale+ [34], [66]; (b) Pan t. troglodytes: Dja = Dja+ [67], [68]; Lop = Lópe+ [36]; Oko = Okorobikó Mtns [69]; (c) Pan t. verus: Bis = Guinea-Bissau# [70]; Bos = Bossou [30], [40]; Cad = Caiquene & Cadique [32]; Gui = Guinea# [44]; Ivo = Côte d'Ivoire# [43]; Kan = Kanfarande [71]; Ner = Nérébili [72]; Sil = Kanka Sili [29]; Taï = Taï [73]; Yea = Yeale, Mt Nimba (Granier, in [33]); Rub = Rubondo [74].

3

Sites at which the cultivar was confirmed eaten via direct observation, faecal analysis and/or feeding traces, are distinguished from unconfirmed sites at which consumption was recorded via local reports or an unspecified method. ‘All records’ is the sum of confirmed and unconfirmed sites.

4

Includes both plantain and sweet bananas.