Table 3. Test statistics for the tri-trophic experiment.

Effect1	DF	F	P
Natural enemies (NE)	1,8	18.53	0.0026
Plant sex (PS)	1,56	0.63	0.43
Aphid species (AS)	1,56	7.68	0.0076
NE×PS	1,56	2.19	0.15
NE×AS	1,56	10.29	0.0022
PS×AS	1,56	1.31	0.26
NE×PS×AS	1,56	4.47	0.039
Initial density	1,56	4.21	0.0448
Initial density×NE	1,56	0.05	0.82

¹Aphid counter, plant identity and cage×natural enemy exclusion interaction are included as random effects.