FRET analysis of cAMP distribution in HBE, CFBE and CFBE/sNHERF1 cells. (A–C) Analysis of the cAMP sensor H30. (D–F) Analysis of membrane-targeted mpH30. Localization of H30 (A) and mpH30 (D) in the three cell lines. (B,E) Representative kinetics of cAMP changes recorded in the cells shown in A and D, respectively. R is the normalized 480 nm/545 nm value calculated at each acquisition time point. Black line, dotted gray line and dotted black line represent kinetics recorded, respectively, in HBE, CFBE and CFBE/sNHERF1 cells, both in the bulk cytosol and at the plasma membrane. (C,F) Summary of FRET changes measured in HBE, CFBE and CFBE/sNHERF1 cells expressing H30 and mpH30 probes, respectively, upon treatment with 1 μM Frsk. Data are means ± s.e. Scale bars: 10 μm. ***P<0.001; **P<0.01.