Table 1.
Summary of results in studies assessing the association of genetic polymorphisms with mercury biomarker levels.
| Reference | Population | n | Hg Biomarkers | Exposure Sources | Polymorphis ms Assessed | Polymorphisms Significantly Associated with Higher Biomarker Hg Levels | Polymorphisms Significantly Associated with Lower Biomarker Hg Levels |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| This study | Michigan dental professionals | 208 to 482 | hair, urine | dental amalgam, fish | see Table 3 | Positive genotype by amalgam interaction in urine Hg: SEPP1 3’UTR CT/TT; positive genotype by fish Hg interaction in hair Hg model: GSS 5’ CG/GG | Ln(hair Hg) and GSTP1-105 G; Ln(urine Hg): GSTT1 -/-; negative main effect in urine Hg model: SEPP1 3’UTR T and GSTT1 -/-; negative main effect in hair Hg model: GSTP1-105 G and GSTP1-114 T; negative genotype by fish Hg interaction in hair Hg model: SEPP1 3’UTR T |
| Custodio et al., 2004 | Swedish adults | 365 | erythrocytes | fish | GCLC (rs17883901), GCLM (rs41303970), GSTP1-105, -114 (rs1695, rs1138272), GSTA1 (rs3957396), GSTT1 and GSTM1 deletion | GCLC T and/or GSTP1-114 T carriers had steeper regression of erythrocyte Hg on polyunsaturated fatty acids | |
| Custodio et al., 2005 | Ecuadorian gold miners and buyers | 309 | whole blood, plasma, urine | gold mining practices | GCLC, GCLM, GSTP1-105, GSTP1-114, GSTA1, GSTT1 and GSTM1 deletion | GCLM T and elevated blood, plasma, urine Hg in moderately exposed miners | |
| Gundacker et al., 2007 | Austrian students | 174 to 222 | whole blood, urine, hair | fish | GSTT1 and GSTM1 deletion | GSTT1/M1 deletions and hair Hg | |
| Engström et al., 2008 | Swedish adults | 292 | erythrocytes | fish | GCLC, GCLM, GSTP1-105, GSTP1-114 | GCLM TT and erythrocyte Hg (adjusted for polyunsaturated fatty acids) | GSTP1-105 G and/or GSTP1-114 T have less steep regression of erythrocyte Hg on polyunsaturated fatty acids |
| Gundacker et al., 2009 | Austrian students | 184 to 304 | whole blood, hair, urine | dental amalgam, fish | GCLC, GSTP1-105, GSTP1-114, GSTA1, GSTT1 and GSTM1 deletion, metallothionein SNPs | GSTP1-105 G and unadjusted median blood and hair Hg; in CATREG analysis on dichotomized Hg levels: GSTP1-114 T and/or GCLC T and hair Hg; GSTP1-114 T and/or GCLC T on blood Hg, near sig; GSTM1 deletion and/or GSTP1-105 G on hair Hg; GSTT1 deletion and GSTP1-114 T on Hair Hg | GSTA1 A and unadjusted median blood Hg |