Figure 4.

COPD-related health care costs in the 12 months following therapy initiation: comparison of TIO and IPR to FSC using two analysis methods.

Notes: Bars depict mean cost (2009 $US) and 95% confidence interval. Medical services costs include health care facility charges and professional services fees; *P < 0.001; **P < 0.05 (unpaired t-test).

Abbreviations: FSC, fluticasone propionate/salmeterol combination; IPR, ipratropium; MR, multivariable regression; PSM, propensity score matching; TIO, tiotropium.