Table 2.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of ipratropium and fluticasone propionate/salmeterol cohorts matched on propensity score
| FSC n = 8514 |
IPR n = 8514 |
P valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) | 64.0 (12.03) | 64.2 (12.15) | 0.29 |
| Male, n (%) | 4173 (49.0) | 4090 (48.0) | 0.20 |
| Comorbidities, patients with diagnosis: n (%) | |||
| Alcohol abuse | 142 (1.7) | 139 (1.6) | 0.86 |
| Anemia | 85 (1.0) | 93 (1.1) | 0.55 |
| Arrhythmia | 1173 (13.8) | 1192 (14.0) | 0.67 |
| Asthma | 1269 (14.9) | 1324 (15.6) | 0.24 |
| Congestive heart failure | 1132 (13.3) | 1156 (13.6) | 0.59 |
| Depression | 615 (7.2) | 620 (7.3) | 0.88 |
| Diabetes (uncomplicated) | 1854 (21.8) | 1865 (21.9) | 0.84 |
| Fluid disorders | 729 (8.6) | 746 (8.8) | 0.64 |
| Heart disease | 2060 (24.2) | 2099 (24.7) | 0.49 |
| Hypertension (uncomplicated) | 4191 (49.2) | 4230 (49.7) | 0.55 |
| Hypothyroidism | 679 (8.0) | 701 (8.2) | 0.54 |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 601 (7.1) | 560 (6.6) | 0.21 |
| Other lung conditions | 1730 (20.3) | 1800 (21.1) | 0.19 |
| Other neurological disease | 299 (3.5) | 302 (3.5) | 0.90 |
| Pulmonary circulation | 206 (2.4) | 212 (2.5) | 0.77 |
| Renal failure | 393 (4.6) | 395 (4.6) | 0.94 |
| Valvular disease | 864 (10.1) | 878 (10.3) | 0.72 |
| Weight loss | 50 (0.6) | 72 (0.8) | 0.05 |
| Rescue medicine use, n (%) | |||
| SABA use | 1296 (15.2) | 1320 (15.5) | 0.61 |
| COPD-related utilization, number of encounters: mean (SD) | |||
| Outpatient visit | 0.48 (1.08) | 0.52 (1.22) | 0.02 |
| Outpatient visit with antibiotic | 0.07 (0.29) | 0.07 (0.30) | 0.23 |
| Outpatient visit with oral corticosteroid | 0.04 (0.24) | 0.04 (0.23) | 0.87 |
| ED visit | 0.03 (0.18) | 0.03 (0.18) | 0.93 |
| Hospitalization | 0.06 (0.25) | 0.06 (0.26) | 0.32 |
| Hospitalization or ED visit | 0.09 (0.31) | 0.09 (0.31) | 0.44 |
| COPD-related costs ($US), mean (SD) | |||
| Medical servicesb | 998 (6318) | 1080 (6692) | 0.42 |
| Pharmacy | 31 (106) | 34 (138) | 0.11 |
| Total | 1029 (6319) | 1114 (6692) | 0.40 |
Notes:
a
Calculated using chi-square test for frequencies and t-test for continuous measures, P values for cost measures are calculated using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test;
b
health care facility charges and professional services fees.
Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ED, emergency department; FSC, fluticasone propionate/salmeterol combination; IPR, ipratropium; SABA, short-acting beta-agonist.