Table 1.
Differences in Baseline Characteristics Between Continuing Drivers and Former Drivers
| Driving status over three waves |
||||
| Variables | All (n = 636) | Continued to drive in 1992 (n = 565) | Stopped driving during 1990–1992 (n = 71) | p Value |
| Socioeconomic characteristics | ||||
| Age, M (SD) | 78.4 (4.2) | 77.9 (3.9) | 81.7 (4.8) | <.001 |
| Female, n (%) | 394 (61.9) | 343 (60.7) | 51 (71.8) | .069 |
| Education, M (SD) | 13.8 (2.5) | 13.9 (2.5) | 13.4 (2.6) | .105 |
| Income, U.S.$, n (%)a | ||||
| <15k | 125 (20.9) | 102 (19.2) | 23 (33.8) | .017 |
| 15k–35k | 345 (57.6) | 314 (59.1) | 31 (45.6) | |
| 35k+ | 129 (21.5) | 115 (21.7) | 14 (20.6) | |
| Using meal services, n (%) | 24 (3.8) | 13 (2.3) | 11 (15.5) | <.001 |
| Health conditions | ||||
| Comorbidity, M (SD) | 1.9 (1.5) | 1.8 (1.5) | 2.5 (1.5) | .001 |
| SPMSQ, M (SD) | 0.16 (0.5) | 0.1 (0.4) | 0.4 (1.0) | .013 |
| IADLs, M (SD) | 6.5 (1.7) | 6.4 (1.5) | 7.5 (2.9) | .003 |
| Having somewhat/severe/very severe glaucoma, n (%) | 42 (6.6) | 34 (6.0) | 8 (11.3) | .093 |
| Having somewhat/severe/very severe cataracts, n (%) | 92 (14.5) | 79 (14.0) | 13 (18.3) | .329 |
| Transportation support | ||||
| From a spouse | ||||
| Having no spouse, n (%) | 313 (49.2) | 268 (47.4) | 45 (63.4) | .011 |
| Having a spouse who provide no/little support, n (%) | 156 (24.5) | 148 (26.2) | 8 (11.3) | |
| Having a spouse who provide somewhat/much/very much support, n (%) | 167 (26.3) | 149 (26.4) | 18 (25.4) | |
| From family members | ||||
| No/little support, n (%) | 576 (90.6) | 514 (91.0) | 62 (87.3) | .321 |
| Somewhat/much/very much support, n (%) | 60 (9.4) | 51 (9.0) | 9 (12.7) | |
| From friends/neighbors | ||||
| No/little support, n (%) | 530 (83.3) | 480 (85.0) | 50 (70.4) | .002 |
| Somewhat/much/very much support, n (%) | 106 (16.7) | 85 (15.0) | 21 (29.6) | |
| From organizations/agencies | ||||
| No/little support, n (%) | 632 (99.4) | 563 (99.6) | 69 (97.2) | .013 |
| Somewhat/much/very much support, n (%) | 4 (0.6) | 2 (0.4) | 2 (2.8) | |
| From hired assistants | ||||
| No/little support, n (%) | 635 (99.8) | 564 (99.8) | 71 (100.0) | .723 |
| Somewhat/much/very much support, n (%) | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | |
Note. SPMSQ = Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire; IADLs = instrumental activities of daily living.
a
Thirty-seven participants refused to answer or reported that they did not know.