Table 1.

Randomized trials examining parenting outcomes of integrated programs

Study	n	Groups	Measure	Time point	Effect Size (SE)	p	Treatment Group %	Control Group %	Study Quality
Huber [35]	Treatment:82 Control:77	Integrated residential treatment vs standard outpatient treatment	CPS Involvement	Prenatal (Intake)			22	14	1/5
				1 Year Postpartum			46	47
Huber [35]	Treatment: 81 Control: 77	Integrated outpatient treatment vs standard outpatient treatment	CPS Involvement	Prenatal (Intake)			17	14	1/5
				1 Year Postpartum			46	47
Luthar & Suchman [36]	Treatment: 32 Control: 20 Treatment: 28 Control: 19	Standard methadone treatment plus maternal psychotherapy vs. standard methadone treatment	PARQb	Discharge	0.54 (0.29)	0.063			3/5
				6-month follow-up	0.57 (0.30)	0.060
			PCRIc - Affective Interaction	Discharge	0.94 (0.30)	0.002
				6-month follow-up	0.54 (0.30)	0.074
			PCRI - Limit Setting	Discharge	0.08 (0.29)	0.779
				6-month follow-up	0.20 (0.30)	0.502
			PCRI - Autonomy	Discharge	0.13 (0.29)	0.649
				6-month follow-up	0.33 (0.31)	0.270
			PCRI - Parenting Support	Discharge	0.00 (0.29)	1.000
				6-month follow-up	0.21 (0.30)	0.481
			PCRI - Parenting Satisfaction	Discharge	0.49 (0.29)	0.090
				6-month follow-up	0.35 (0.30)	0.242
Luthar et al. [37]	Treatment: 60 Control: 67	Standard methadone treatment plus maternal psychotherapy vs. Standard methadone treatment plus recovery training	PARQ	Discharge	0.23 (0.18)	0.206			3/5
				6-month follow-up	0.13 (0.18)	0.471
			PCRI - Affective Interaction	Discharge	0.11 (0.18)	0.527
				6-month follow-up	0.15 (0.18)	0.400
			PCRI - Parenting Satisfaction	Discharge	0.10 (0.18)	0.590
				6-month follow up	0.18 (0.18)	0.313
Suchman et al. [38,39]	Treatment: 23 Control: 24	Outpatient substance abuse treatment plus attachment-based parenting intervention vs outpatient substance abuse treatment plus parent education	WMCId acceptance	Discharge	-0.04 (0.29)	0.886			2/5
			WMCI involvement	Discharge	0.13 (0.29)	0.653
			WMCI coherence	Discharge	0.02 (0.29)	0.949
			WMCI openness	Discharge	0.04 (0.29)	0.897
			WMCI sensitivity	Discharge	0.50 (0.30)	0.092
			WMCI quality of representations	6-week follow-up	0.22 (0.29)	0.455
			NCASTe caregiving behavior	Discharge	0.70 (0.30)	0.020
				6-week follow-up	0.12 (0.29)	0.678
			PDIf reflective functioning	Discharge	0.61 (0.30)	0.042
				6-week follow-up	0.22 (0.29)	0.452
			PDI self-focused reflective functioning	6-week follow-up	-0.22 (0.29)	0.452
			PDI child-focused reflective functioning	6-week follow-up	0.03 (0.29)	0.93

^aCPS = Child Protection Services

^bPARQ = Parental Acceptance Rejection Questionnaire - Maternal report of maltreatment risk

^cPCRI = Parent-child Relationship Inventory

^dWMCI = Working Model of the Child Interview

^eNCAST = The Nursing Child Assessment Satellite Training

^fPDI = Parent Development Interview