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. 2012 Apr 12;7(4):e34971. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034971

Figure 5. The CXCL12/CXCR4 axis affects filarial development.

Figure 5

A. Percentage of adults (dark grey) and non adults (light grey), i.e. stage 4 (L4) or molt 4 (M4), recovered 30 days post-inoculation after treatment with chalcone (C04) or AMD3100 (AMD). Results are presented in stacked column chart; binomial glm (see Materials and method for details). B. Morphology of L. sigmodontis buccal capsule of fourth stage (L4), during fourth molting (M4), and of adult (Ad) by light microscopy. The fourth stage has a thin buccal capsule, composed of two thin walls (dark arrow), the fourth molt simultaneously presents the buccal capsule of the fourth stage (dark arrow) and the buccal capsule characteristic of the adult stage with three large segments. Scale: bars = 20 µm. C. Multiple factorial analysis (MFA) of the parameters implicated in the study: pleural CXCL12, pleural IL-5, number of pleural exudate cells (PleCs), number of filariae (nF), and the percentage of stage 4 and molt 4 (L4–M4). For a non-biased representation of the data observed either on mice or on filariae, PleCs, IL-5, and CXCL12 factors were grouped together on one hand, and the number of filariae and L4–M4 factors on the other hand. Controlled variables, such as strain or treatment, were considered as illustrative.