Table 1. Medical Resource Use and Costs Estimates ($, year 2009 values).

Parameter	Median Cost ($)	Range $)	Description and Reference
Operation	5,150§	3,680∼6,600	The overall cost acquired from local hospitals
Biopsy	1,180§	882∼1,470	The overall cost acquired from local hospitals
Radiotherapy	100 per fraction	90∼120	Local charge
Temozolomide			Shanghai development and reformation commission
100 mg	156	140∼171
20 mg	38	34∼41
Nimustine 25 mg	57	51∼62	Shanghai development and reformation commission
Second-line composite drug costs	125† per cycle	115∼135	Local charge
Supportive care	735* per cycle	480∼1,060	Local charge
Routine follow-up of patients	90‡ per unit	70∼120	Local charge
Serious adverse events
Hematologic toxicity	321¶	289∼353	Local charge
Infection	588¶	529∼647	Local charge
Gastrointestinal toxicity	263¶	236∼289	Local charge

^§Components of costs were drugs and medical consumables (68%), surgery (10%), examination (9%), ward treatment and nursing (6%), anesthesia (4%) and accommodation and meals (3%).

^†The cost included the chemotherapeutic agents (85%) and other adjuvant drugs (15%).

^‡The cost included the physician visit (1%), magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomographic scan (75%), other examinations and drugs (24%).

^*The cost included caregiver (20%) and symptom-released drugs (80%).

^¶The cost included drugs and medical consumables (87%), ward treatment and nursing (7%), and accommodation and meals (6%).