Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population according to the eight different body composition groups (n=539)
| LEAN | CENTRAL ADIPOSITY ONLY | CENTRAL AND GLOBAL ADIPOSITY | GLOBAL ADIPOSITY ONLY | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal MM | Low MM | Normal MM | Low MM | Normal MM | Low MM | Normal MM | Low MM | |
| Men/Women | 107/96 | 39/25 | 5/16 | 8/15 | 51/42 | 46/52 | 20/10 | 4/3 |
| % of total population | 37.7 | 11.9 | 3.9 | 4.3 | 17.3 | 18.2 | 5.6 | 1.3 |
| Age, yrs | 70.1 ± 0.7 | 80.1 ± 1.2 † | 68.9 ± 1.8 | 75.6 ± 1.7 * | 67.1 ± 0.8 | 71.7 ± 0.9 † | 66.1 ± 1.6 | 75.7 ± 2.1 ‡ |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.6 ± 0.2 | 24.1 ± 0.2 | 25.7 ± 0.2 | 25.3 ± 0.2 | 31.2 ± 0.3 | 32.9 ± 0.4 † | 28.8 ± 0.3 | 28.0 ± 0.4 |
| Weight, kg | ||||||||
| Women | 59.1 ± 0.7 | 61.7 ± 1.1 * | 70.1 ± 1.2 | 66.9 ± 1.3 | 81.8 ± 1.3 | 89.1 ± 1.5 † | 74.8 ± 1.9 | 73.9 ± 2.5 |
| Men | 74.9 ± 0.7 | 74.6 ± 1.1 * | 81.5 ± 1.2 | 82.3 ±1.6 | 96.0 ± 1.3 | 100.9 ± 2.0 ‡ | 87.0 ± 1.2 | 86.2 ± 3.8 |
| Height, cm | ||||||||
| Women | 162 ± 0.6 | 162 ± 1.1 | 165 ± 1.7 | 163 ± 1.8 | 162 ± 0.8 | 163 ± 0.9 | 161 ± 1.6 | 164 ± 2.4 |
| Men | 175 ± 0.7 | 175 ± 1.2 * | 177 ± 1.0 | 178 ± 1.5 | 175 ± 0.9 | 177 ± 1.0 * | 174 ± 1.3 | 174 ± 4.9 |
| Waist Circumference, cm | ||||||||
| Women | 77.1 ± 0.6 | 79.8 ± 1.2 | 91.6 ± 0.8 | 91.4 ± 0.5 | 96.9 ± 1.0 | 101.9 ± 1.1 * | 84.7 ± 0.6 | 83.6 ± 2.3 |
| Men | 91.7 ± 0.5 | 93.7 ± 0.9 | 105.5 ± 0.9 | 107.1 ± 1.3 | 109.5 ± 0.7 | 113.2 ± 1.2 * | 97.8 ± 0.8 | 98.7 ± 0.7 |
| Muscle Mass,cm2 | ||||||||
| Women | 115.5 ± 1.3 | 87.5 ± 1.6 † | 107.1 ± 3.1 | 84.6 ± 1.4 † | 109.1 ± 1.7 | 81.8 ± 1.2 † | 105.8 ± 3.2 | 90.5 ± 1.6 |
| Men | 132.8 ± 1.5 | 99.5 ± 1.9 † | 119.9 ± 2.3 | 94.9 ± 6.8 * | 124.2 ± 1.6 | 96.8 ± 1.6 † | 134.5 ± 4.2 | 103.7 ± 2.7 * |
| Adiponectin, μg/mL | ||||||||
| Women | 17.4 (11.4-29.0) | 16.6 (9.9-24.7) | 14.1 (8.5-20.0) | 15.3 (9.8-17.5) | 8.7 (4.2-16.2) | 10.4 (7.3-14.9) | 12.5 (7.1-22.8) | 11.2 (9.1-27.4) |
| Men | 8.8 (5.1-14.8) | 17.8 (7.1-27.0) | 6.0 (1.8-19.9) | 14.8 (5.3-26.6) | 7.0 (3.6-15.0) | 7.2 (5.3-12.0) | 7.9 (4.4-11.2) | 11.0 (7.1-25.8) |
| Leptin, ng/mL | ||||||||
| Women | 12.0 (7.7-20.6) | 15.2 (9.4-22.3) | 25.4 (17.3-33.6) | 31.9 (25.8-48.1) | 29.6 (22.9-43.7) | 53.8 ‡(33.9-73.2) | 12.6 (8.8-42.5) | 38.6 (16.6-47.8) |
| Men | 5.4 (3.7-9.1) | 7.0 (4.0-12.9) | 10.7 (10.1-16.3) | 7.9 (5.9-14.7) | 13.2 (8.6-21.9) | 19.7 * (11.1-31.1) | 9.2 (6.5-15.8) | 11.5 (5.6-24.4) |
| Fasting Glucose, mg/dl | 89.8 ± 0.9 | 89.4 ± 1.1 | 89.5 ± 2.7 | 75.6 ± 1.7 | 96.5 ± 1.6 | 99.1 ± 2.1 | 101.5 ± 5.8 | 102.1 ± 9.0 |
| Early AUC, mg*hr/dl | 81.0 (73.3-90.2) | 79.7 (73.2-87.5) | 79.0 (73.8-86.6) | 86.6 (77.0- 93.3) | 86.6 (77.6-99.4) | 85.8 (79.8- 95.6) | 87.4 (77.3-97.2) | 83.3 (77-91.3) |
| Late AUC, mg*hr/dl | 125.2 (101.3-156.7) | 136.8 (119.1-164.4) | 125.2 (102.0-161) | 131.7 (109.0- 187.2) | 143.5 (116- 182) | 153.3 (122-188) | 151.1 (111.3-199.6) | 119.5 (91.2-126.3) |
| Total AUC, mg*hr/dl | 257.2 (216.2-301.2) | 272.3 (237.2-301.6) | 260.3 (216.2-297.8) | 261.7 (235.5-344.2) | 279.2 (241- 340.3) | 294.4 (251.8- 341.4) | 283.0 (234.0-357.3) | 253 (198-301.3) |
| Physical Activity, kcal/week | 1371 (765-2487) | 1022 (378-1794) | 1682 (547-2729) | 730 (233-2205) | 1539 (432-3112) | 812 * (202-2042) | 1157 (704-2624) | 497 (173-1814) |
Data expressed as mean ± SE or median (interquartile range); All variables have age-adjusted mean and median; MM: Muscle Mass, BMI: Body Mass Index, AUC: Area under the curve;
*
P < 0.05,
†
P < 0.001 and
‡
P = 0.001 for comparisons between normal and low MM.