Table 2.
Characteristics of 288,805 Medicare Beneficiaries with Diabetes, by Dementia Status
| Characteristic | Overall | Dementia (n=44,717) | No Dementia (n=244,088) | P-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| % with Dementia | 15.5 | |||
| Socio-demographics (%) | ||||
| Female | 60.8 | 67.9 | 59.5 | <.01 |
| Race | <.01 | |||
| White | 82.0 | 79.0 | 82.6 | |
| Black | 11.2 | 13.6 | 10.8 | |
| Other/Unknown | 6.7 | 7.5 | 6.6 | |
| Age | <.01 | |||
| 65–69 | 26.0 | 9.3 | 29.0 | |
| 70–74 | 25.4 | 16.8 | 27.0 | |
| 75–79 | 22.8 | 24.1 | 22.6 | |
| 80–84 | 16.2 | 26.0 | 14.4 | |
| 85–89+ | 9.7 | 23.8 | 7.1 | |
| Rural/Urban | <.01 | |||
| Small Town or Isolated Rural Area | 12.6 | 11.5 | 12.8 | |
| Large Town Area | 12.9 | 12.0 | 13.1 | |
| Suburban Area | 9.6 | 8.6 | 9.8 | |
| Urban Core Area | 63.9 | 67.0 | 63.3 | |
| Missing | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| Medicaid Buy-in | 19.9 | 35.7 | 17.0 | <.01 |
| Baseline Co-morbidities (%) | ||||
| Ischemic heart disease | 46.7 | 55.3 | 45.1 | <.01 |
| Congestive Heart Failure | 10.6 | 18.7 | 9.1 | <.01 |
| Stroke/TIA | 5.9 | 14.8 | 4.2 | <.01 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | <.01 | |||
| None (ref) | 90.6 | 86.9 | 91.2 | |
| Non-ESRD CKD | 8.2 | 11.6 | 7.6 | |
| ESRD | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.2 | |
| Depression | 10.3 | 25.5 | 7.5 | <.01 |
| Lower Extremity Ulcers | 1.7 | 3.2 | 1.5 | <.01 |
| Amputation | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.3 | <.01 |
| Eye Disease | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 0.60 |
| PVD | 7.5 | 9.7 | 7.1 | <.01 |
| Entitled due to disability | 10.5 | 12.4 | 10.2 | <.01 |
| Health Care Utilization (%) | ||||
| Baseline HCC Risk Score (2005) | <.01 | |||
| Quartile 1 | 25.2 | 7.7 | 28.4 | |
| Quartile 2 | 24.9 | 17.9 | 26.2 | |
| Quartile 3 | 24.9 | 28.3 | 24.3 | |
| Quartile 4 | 25.0 | 46.1 | 21.1 | |
| Hospitalized in 2005 | 27.1 | 42.9 | 24.2 | <.01 |
| Nursing home stay in 2005 | 8.4 | 32.2 | 4.1 | <.01 |
| Nursing home stay in 2006 | 9.4 | 36.3 | 4.4 | <.01 |
| Receipt of Diabetes Monitoring Tests in 2006 (%) | ||||
| At least 1 A1c test in 2006 | 79.7 | 73.3 | 80.8 | <.01 |
| At least 1 LDL test in 2006 | 76.2 | 60.6 | 79.1 | <.01 |
| At least 1 eye exam in 2006 | 61.6 | 52.2 | 63.3 | <.01 |
| All 3 tests | 44.7 | 30.4 | 47.4 | <.01 |
TIA = Transient ischemic attack; ESRD = End-stage renal disease; CKD = Chronic kidney disease; PVD = Peripheral vascular disease; HCC = Hierarchical Condition Category; LDL = Low-density lipoprotein