Table 1.
Baseline characteristics for participants (n=39,114) by treatment group, mean (SD) unless otherwise noted
| Characteristic | Chlorthalidone | Amlodipine | Lisinopril | Doxazosin | p-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample size, n (%) by treatment | 14,083 (36.0) | 8,333 (21.3) | 8,364 (21.4) | 8,334 (21.3) | . |
| Age, years | 66.8 (7.7) | 66.9 (7.7) | 66.8 (7.8) | 66.7 (7.7) | 0.76 |
| Race: | 0.67 | ||||
| White, n (col %) | 8,538 (60.6) | 5,037 (60.5) | 5,067 (60.6) | 5,015 (60.2) | |
| Black, n (col %) | 4,830 (34.3) | 2,903 (34.8) | 2,881 (34.5) | 2,930 (35.2) | |
| American Indian/Alaskan native, n (col %) | 27 (0.2) | 19 (0.2) | 18 (0.2) | 10 (0.1) | |
| Asian/Pacific Islander, n (col %) | 172 (1.2) | 99 (1.2) | 87 (1.0) | 96 (1.2) | |
| Other, n (col %) | 516 (3.7) | 275 (3.3) | 311 (3.7) | 283 (3.4) | |
| Hispanic, n (%) | 2,740 (19.5) | 1,573 (18.9) | 1,648 (19.7) | 1,629 (19.6) | 0.91 |
| Women, n (%) | 6,615 (47.0) | 3,964 (47.6) | 3,870 (46.3) | 3,852 (46.2) | 0.24 |
| Previous antihypertensive treatment, n (%) | 12,707 (90.2) | 7,551 (90.6) | 7,536 (90.1) | 7,521 (90.2) | 0.70 |
| Blood pressure at baseline, mm Hg: | |||||
| All participants: SBP | 146.2 (15.7) | 146.2 (15.7) | 146.5 (15.6) | 146.3 (15.7) | 0.57 |
| DBP | 84.1 (10.1) | 83.9 (10.2) | 84.1 (10.0) | 84.0 (10.0) | 0.44 |
| Treated at baseline: SBP | 145.2 (15.7) | 145.1 (15.6) | 145.4 (15.5) | 145.2 (15.6) | 0.68 |
| DBP | 83.5 (10.0) | 83.3 (10.0) | 83.6 (9.9) | 83.4 (9.9) | 0.32 |
| Untreated at baseline: SBP | 156.0 (12.0) | 156.6 (12.2) | 156.4 (12.3) | 156.8 (12.5) | 0.58 |
| DBP | 89.5 (9.0) | 89.7 (9.5) | 89.1 (9.3) | 89.4 (9.5) | 0.64 |
| Eligibility risk factors: | |||||
| Current cigarette smoker, n (%) | 3,096 (22.0) | 1,833 (22.0) | 1,831 (22.0) | 1,809 (21.7) | 0.96 |
| Type 2 diabetes, n (%) | 5,041 (35.8) | 3,030 (36.4) | 2,931 (35.0) | 2,929 (35.2) | 0.24 |
| HDL cholesterol < 35 mg/dL, n (%) | 1,688 (12.0) | 950 (11.4) | 983 (11.8) | 983 (11.8) | 0.63 |
| LVH by electrocardiogram, n (%) | 2,279 (16.2) | 1,423 (17.1) | 1,359 (16.3) | 1,371 (16.5) | 0.34 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 29.7 (6.1) | 29.8 (6.3) | 29.8 (6.2) | 29.7 (5.9) | 0.33 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 123.3 (58.5) | 123.0 (57.3) | 122.5 (55.8) | 122.0 (55.9) | 0.50 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 216.2 (43.4) | 216.6 (44.0) | 215.7 (42.3) | 214.9 (42.3) | 0.05 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 46.8 (14.9) | 47.2 (14.7) | 46.6 (14.6) | 46.6 (14.4) | 0.04 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 136.0 (37.3) | 135.7 (37.4) | 135.9 (36.4) | 135.3 (36.3) | 0.60 |
| Fasting triglycerides, mg/dL | 173.1 (130.6) | 172.3 (129.5) | 173.3 (140.1) | 169.6 (135.1) | 0.34 |
| Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) | 77.6 (19.7) | 78.2 (19.7) | 77.7 (19.9) | 78.1 (19.8) | 0.11 |
| Aspirin use, n (%) | 5,035 (35.8) | 3,032 (36.4) | 3,044 (36.4) | 3,045 (36.5) | 0.60 |
| Panel A gene variant frequencies (col %) | |||||
| NOS3 rs3918226 | 0.38 | ||||
| CC | 12,306 (88.8) | 7,244 (88.6) | 7,293 (88.6) | 7,300 (89.1) | |
| CT | 1,477 (10.7) | 897 (11.0) | 905 (11.0) | 864 (10.5) | |
| TT | 79 (0.6) | 32 (0.4) | 36 (0.4) | 33 (0.4) | |
| GNAS rs7121 | 0.20 | ||||
| TT | 5,167 (37.3) | 3,050 (37.4) | 3,120 (37.9) | 3,072 (37.5) | |
| TC | 6,215 (44.9) | 3,737 (45.8) | 3,715 (45.2) | 3,768 (46.0) | |
| CC | 2,461 (17.8) | 1,380 (16.9) | 1,388 (16.9) | 1,347 (16.5) | |
| SELE rs5361 | 0.25 | ||||
| AA | 11,844 (85.6) | 7,032 (86.1) | 7,033 (85.6) | 7,052 (86.2) | |
| AC | 1,916 (13.8) | 1,092 (13.4) | 1,134 (13.8) | 1,068 (13.1) | |
| CC | 81 (0.6) | 39 (0.5) | 54 (0.7) | 59 (0.7) | |
| ICAM1 rs1799969 | 0.91 | ||||
| GG | 11,783 (85.2) | 6,923 (84.9) | 6,991 (85.0) | 6,924 (84.6) | |
| GA | 1,927 (13.9) | 1,153 (14.1) | 1,156 (14.1) | 1,184 (14.5) | |
| AA | 128 (0.9) | 83 (1.0) | 74 (0.9) | 74 (0.9) | |
| AGT rs5051 | 0.64 | ||||
| AA | 5,560 (40.1) | 3,324 (40.6) | 3,329 (40.5) | 3,365 (40.9) | |
| AG | 5,541 (40.0) | 3,316 (40.5) | 3,305 (40.2) | 3,287 (40.0) | |
| GG | 2,760 (19.9) | 1,554 (19.0) | 1,593 (19.4) | 1,570 (19.1) | |
| Panel B gene variant frequencies (col %) | |||||
| MMP1 rs1799750 | 0.21 | ||||
| 1G/1G | 3,554 (25.8) | 2,128 (26.1) | 2,118 (25.9) | 2,239 (27.4) | |
| 1G/2G | 6,809 (49.4) | 4,029 (49.5) | 4,055 (49.5) | 3,940 (48.3) | |
| 2G/2G | 3,422 (24.8) | 1,990 (24.4) | 2,016 (24.6) | 1,987 (24.3) | |
| F5 rs6025 | 0.76 | ||||
| GG | 13,451 (97.1) | 7,925 (97.0) | 7,980 (97.0) | 7,932 (96.9) | |
| GA | 395 (2.9) | 236 (2.9) | 244 (3.0) | 253 (3.1) | |
| AA | 7 (0.05) | 6 (0.07) | 5 (0.06) | 2 (0.02) | |
| NPPA rs5065 | 0.10 | ||||
| TT | 8,278 (59.8) | 5,001 (61.3) | 4,919 (59.8) | 4,980 (60.8) | |
| TC | 4,565 (33.0) | 2,599 (31.8) | 2,700 (32.8) | 2,674 (32.7) | |
| CC | 1,006 (7.3) | 565 (6.9) | 608 (7.4) | 533 (6.5) | |
| PDE4D rs6450512 | 0.82 | ||||
| TT | 4,424 (33.3) | 2,580 (32.9) | 2,616 (33.0) | 2,527 (32.2) | |
| TC | 5,440 (40.9) | 3,213 (40.9) | 3,262 (41.2) | 3,243 (41.4) | |
| CC | 3,428 (25.8) | 2,055 (26.2) | 2,041 (25.8) | 2,067 (26.4) | |
| MMP9 rs2274756 | 0.33 | ||||
| GG | 10,004 (72.0) | 5,827 (70.8) | 5,916 (71.7) | 5,939 (72.1) | |
| GA | 3,564 (25.7) | 2,196 (26.7) | 2,121 (25.7) | 2,085 (25.3) | |
| AA | 326 (2.4) | 207 (2.5) | 219 (2.7) | 211 (2.6) | |
| Panel C gene variant frequencies (col %) | |||||
| F12 rs1801020 | 0.29 | ||||
| CC | 4,820 (34.9) | 2,855 (35.0) | 2,844 (34.7) | 2,856 (34.9) | |
| CT | 6,223 (45.0) | 3,683 (45.2) | 3,680 (44.8) | 3,708 (45.3) | |
| TT | 2,787 (20.2) | 1,617 (19.8) | 1,684 (20.5) | 1,614 (19.7) | |
| AGT rs5051 | 0.64 | ||||
| AA | 5,560 (40.1) | 3,324 (40.6) | 3,329 (40.5) | 3,365 (40.9) | |
| AG | 5,541 (40.0) | 3,316 (40.5) | 3,305 (40.2) | 3,287 (40.0) | |
| GG | 2,760 (19.9) | 1,554 (19.0) | 1,593 (19.4) | 1,570 (19.1) | |
| PON1 rs705379 | 0.24 | ||||
| CC | 5,646 (41.3) | 3,395 (41.9) | 3,508 (43.1) | 3,372 (41.6) | |
| CT | 5,767 (42.2) | 3,370 (41.6) | 3,354 (41.2) | 3,390 (41.9) | |
| TT | 2,270 (16.6) | 1,333 (16.5) | 1,281 (15.7) | 1,338 (16.5) | |
| MMP12 rs652438 | 0.31 | ||||
| AA | 11,029 (80.6) | 6,562 (80.8) | 6,652 (81.5) | 6,565 (80.8) | |
| AG | 2,423 (17.7) | 1,415 (17.4) | 1,400 (17.2) | 1,426 (17.6) | |
| GG | 235 (1.7) | 145 (1.8) | 111 (1.4) | 132 (1.6) | |
| PDE4D rs27653 | 0.06 | ||||
| CC | 5,398 (38.8) | 3,276 (39.8) | 3,180 (38.5) | 3,153 (38.3) | |
| CA | 6,401 (46.0) | 3,819 (46.4) | 3,904 (47.2) | 3,884 (47.1) | |
| AA | 2,103 (15.1) | 1,134 (13.8) | 1,180 (14.3) | 1,204 (14.6) | |
| GP1BA rs6065 | 0.29 | ||||
| CC | 10,482 (75.4) | 6,087 (74.0) | 6,194 (75.0) | 6,179 (75.0) | |
| CT | 3,082 (22.2) | 1,922 (23.4) | 1,853 (22.4) | 1,869 (22.7) | |
| TT | 330 (2.4) | 221 (2.7) | 210 (2.5) | 195 (2.4) | |
| Panel D gene variant frequencies (col %) | |||||
| F2 rs1799963 | 0.74 | ||||
| GG | 13,440 (97.6) | 7,917 (97.7) | 7,995 (97.9) | 7,960 (97.7) | |
| GA | 322 (2.3) | 180 (2.2) | 168 (2.1) | 181 (2.2) | |
| AA | 15 (0.1) | 9 (0.1) | 7 (0.1) | 5 (0.1) | |
| PAI1 1799768 | 0.92 | ||||
| 5G/5G | 4,820 (34.9) | 2,855 (35.0) | 2,844 (34.7) | 2,856 (34.9) | |
| 5G/4G | 6,223 (45.0) | 3,683 (45.2) | 3,680 (44.8) | 3,708 (45.3) | |
| 4G/4G | 2,787 (20.2) | 1,617 (19.8) | 1,684 (20.5) | 1,614 (19.7) | |
| MMP7 rs11568818 | 0.59 | ||||
| AA | 4,212 (31.9) | 2,553 (32.7) | 2,577 (32.7) | 2,524 (32.3) | |
| AG | 6,310 (47.8) | 3,645 (46.7) | 3,702 (47.0) | 3,744 (47.9) | |
| GG | 2,677 (20.3) | 1,610 (20.6) | 1,592 (20.2) | 1,549 (19.8) | |
| AGT rs5050 | 0.99 | ||||
| AA | 9,707 (69.9) | 5,724 (69.6) | 5,777 (70.0) | 5,744 (69.7) | |
| AC | 3,811 (27.4) | 2,275 (27.7) | 2,266 (27.4) | 2,265 (27.5) | |
| CC | 376 (2.7) | 226 (2.8) | 216 (2.6) | 227 (2.8) | |
| ACE rs4343 | 0.17 | ||||
| AA | 4,959 (35.7) | 2,833 (34.5) | 2,848 (34.6) | 2,841 (34.6) | |
| AG | 6,297 (45.4) | 3,819 (46.5) | 3,772 (45.8) | 3,731 (45.4) | |
| GG | 2,625 (18.9) | 1,558 (19.0) | 1,616 (19.6) | 1,642 (20.0) | |
| MMP2 rs243865 | 0.86 | ||||
| CC | 9,737 (70.1) | 5,730 (69.7) | 5,741 (69.6) | 5,805 (70.5) | |
| CT | 3,624 (26.1) | 2,183 (26.6) | 2,207 (26.7) | 2,124 (25.8) | |
| TT | 521 (3.8) | 310 (3.8) | 306 (3.7) | 303 (3.7) | |
SBP = systolic blood pressure, DBP = diastolic blood pressure, LVH = left ventricular hypertrophy
*
test of differences between treatment groups: ANOVA for continuous variables, chi-square for categorical variables