Table 2.

Clinical outcomes

Outcome measures	Preoperative mean (min–max)	Postoperative mean (min–max)
Back pain (VAS)	7.25 (4–10)	2.8 (0–9)*
Leg pain (VAS)	5.8 (0–10)	2.1 (0–10)*
Oswestry Disability Index	51 (16–82)	23 (0–68)**

* p < 0.01

** p > 0.001