Table 4.

Pathological changes to the macaque brain following infection with SIV

	Macrophage (CD68)	Microglia (iba-1)	Infected Microglia (CD163)	Astrocyte (GFAP)	Oligodendrocyte (CNPase1)	Neuron (FF1)
Naïve Macaque
Cerebrum	+	+	–ve	+	+++	+++
Midbrain	+	+	–ve	+	+++	++
Brain Stem	+	+	–ve	+	+++	++
Cerebellum	–ve	+	–ve	+	+++	++
SIVmacC8
Cerebrum	++	++	+	+++	+++	+++
Midbrain	+	++	+	+++	+++	++
Brain Stem	+	+++	−ve	+++	+++	++
Cerebellum	+	++	−ve	+++	+++	++
SIVmacJ5
Cerebrum	+	+++	++	++	++	++
Midbrain	++	+++	+	++	++	+
Brain Stem	++	+++	+	+++	+++	++
Cerebellum	+	++	+	++	++	+
SIVmac17E-Fr
Cerebrum	++	++++	++	++	+	+
Midbrain	+	++++	++	++	++	+
Brain Stem	++	++++	+	++	++	+
Cerebellum	++	+++	+	++	+	+

Macaques were infected with either SIVmacC8, SIVmacJ5, or SIVmac17E-Fr. Sections from the brain were examined for alterations to microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and neurones. Cerebrum = frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobe sections; Midbrain = thalamus and midbrain sections; Brain stem = pons and medulla oblongata sections; Cerebellum = cerebellum. ++++ Very strong immunoreactive staining in all sections examined. +++ Strong immunoreactive staining in all sections examined. ++ Moderate immunoreactive staining in all sections examined. + Weak immunoreactive staining in all sections examined. –ve No immunoreactive staining identified