TABLE 2.
Baseline sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of subjects with MDD with and without concurrent substance use disorder
| Baseline Characteristic | Substance Use Disorder |
Analyses |
Baseline Characteristic |
Substance Use Disorder |
Analyses |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present N=87 (13.1%) |
Absent N=577 (86.9%) |
Test Statistic | p- value |
Present N=87 (13.1%) |
Absent N=577 (86.9%) |
Test Statistic |
p- value |
||
| n (%) | n (%) | ||||||||
| Age | χ2(2)=5.2149 | 0.0737 | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |||||
| 18–29 | 22 (25.3) | 114 (9.8) | Age | 41.1 (12.0) | 43.0 (13.1) | t(662)=|1.26| | 0.2085 | ||
| 30–54 | 54 (62.1) | 330 (57.2) | Education | 13.4 (2.8) | 13.8 (3.0) | t(638)=|1.07| | 0.2862 | ||
| 55–75 | 11 (12.6) | 133 (23.1) | Monthly household income | 1882 (1856) | 2791 (5671) | χ2(1)=1.4798 | 0.2238 | ||
| Sex | χ2(1)=19.871 | <.0001 | Age at first episode | 24.0 (14.1) | 24.0 (14.1) | χ2(1)=0.008 | 0.9286 | ||
| Male | 46 (59.2) | 167 (28.9) | Years since first episode | 17.1 (13.0) | 18.9 (13.7) | χ2(1)=1.6282 | 0.2019 | ||
| Female | 41 (47.1) | 410 (71.1) | N prior episodes | 10.7 (22.8) | 8.7 (19.4) | χ2(1)=0.642 | 0.4230 | ||
| Race | χ2(2)=2.1663 | 0.3385 | N suicide attempts | 0.32 (0.91) | 0.23 (1.38) | χ2(1)=6.3731 | 0.0116 | ||
| White | 52 (63.4) | 378 (67.5) | Age neglected | 7.0 (4.5) | 7.2 (4.2) | t(236)=|0.33| | 0.7385 | ||
| Black | 27 (32.9) | 147 (26.3) | Age emotionally abused | 8.1 (4.0) | 7.8 (4.2) | t(255)=|0.43| | 0.6697 | ||
| Other | 3 (3.7) | 35 (6.3) | Age physically abused | 5.9 (3.5) | 7.8 (3.9) | t(126)=|1.93| | 0.0557 | ||
| Hispanic | 10 (11.5) | 91 (15.8) | χ2(1)=1.0723 | 0.3004 | Age sexually abused | 11.2 (3.5) | 8.7 (4.0) | t(143)=|2.27| | 0.0249 |
| Employed | 43 (49.4) | 287 (49.7) | χ2(1)=0.003 | 0.9563 | N prior antidepressants | 1.3 (1.5) | 1.6 (1.8) | χ2(1)=2.6307 | 0.1048 |
| Clinical setting | χ2(1)=0.9958 | 0.3183 | N concomitant medications | 2.7 (2.2) | 3.0 (2.9) | χ2(1)=0.0676 | 0.7949 | ||
| Primary | 41 (47.1) | 305 (52.9) | Current episode duration (mo) | 55.7 (96.2) | 62.7 (106) | χ2(1)=0.0045 | 0.9464 | ||
| Psychiatric | 46 (52.9) | 272 (47.1) | HRSD17 | 23.5 (5.3) | 23.9 (4.7) | t(660)=|0.69| | 0.4888 | ||
| Chronic MDD (2+ yrs) | 50 (57.5) | 318 (55.3) | χ2(1)=0.1437 | 0.7046 | IDS-C30 | 38.0 (9.6) | 38.0 (9.0) | t(662)=|0.0| | 0.9982 |
| Chronic/recurrent MDD | χ2(2)=0.2134 | 0.8988 | QIDS-C16 | 15.7 (3.5) | 15.8 (3.4) | t(662)=|0.35| | 0.7233 | ||
| Chronic only | 19 (21.8) | 127 (22.1) | QIDS-SR16 | 15.8 (4.1) | 15.4 (4.3) | t(643)=|0.8| | 0.4254 | ||
| Recurrent only | 37 (2.5) | 257 (44.7) | ASRMS | 2.1 (2.4) | 1.4 (2.2) | χ2(1)=8.6101 | 0.0033 | ||
| Both | 31 (35.6) | 191 (33.2) | CAST-SR | ||||||
| QIDS-SR16 | χ2(3)=2.8574 | 0.4141 | Irritability | 13.3 (3.4) | 12.2 (3.8) | t(661)=|2.47| | 0.0136 | ||
| 0–10 none/mild | 8 (9.3) | 73 (13.1) | Anxiety | 6.8 (2.9) | 6.1 (2.9) | χ2(1)=4.1182 | 0.0424 | ||
| 11–15 moderate | 35 (40.7) | 203 (36.3) | Mania | 4.3 (3.0) | 3.5 (2.7) | χ2(1)=4.429 | 0.0353 | ||
| 16–20 severe | 31 (36.0) | 228 (40.8) | Insomnia | 5.4 (2.2) | 5.0 (2.3) | t(661)=|1.34| | 0.1810 | ||
| 21–27 very severe | 12 (14.0) | 55 (9.8) | Panic | 2.9 (2.1) | 2.6 (2.2) | χ2(1)=2.2519 | 0.1334 | ||
| Anxious features | 60 (69.0) | 436 (75.6) | χ2(1)=1.7413 | 0.1870 | CHRT-SR | ||||
| Atypical features | 15 (7.2) | 87 (15.1) | χ2(1)=0.2721 | 0.6019 | Loneliness | 3.4 (1.9) | 3.4 (2.0) | t(661)=|0.28| | 0.7827 |
| Melancholic features | 14 (17.5) | 110 (21.0) | χ2(1)=0.5188 | 0.4713 | Despair | 4.7 (2.2) | 4.3 (2.2) | t(662)=|1.51| | 0.1326 |
| Lethargic (IDS-C30) | 54 (62.1) | 397 (68.8) | χ2(1)=1.574 | 0.2096 | Ideation | 2.8 (3.1) | 2.0 (2.6) | χ2(1)=6.5761 | 0.0103 |
| Sleep disturbance (IDS-C30) | 70 (80.5) | 517 (89.6) | χ2(1)=6.1628 | 0.0130 | Total | 10.9 (5.4) | 9.7 (5.3) | t(661)=|2.07| | 0.0386 |
| Age of first episode <18 | 38 (43.7) | 257 (44.7) | χ2(1)=0.0317 | 0.8588 | CPFQ | 27.3 (6.6) | 27.7 (5.7) | t(662)=|0.46| | 0.6455 |
| At least 1 prior episode | 68 (78.2) | 448 (77.9) | χ2(1)=0.0027 | 0.9586 | QOLI | −1.4 (1.9) | −1.2 (1.9) | t(658)=|1.17| | 0.2413 |
| CHRT-SR suicidal thoughts/plans | 21 (24.1) | 89 (15.4) | χ2(1)=4.1527 | 0.0416 | WSAS | 27.0 (8.4) | 26.9 (8.9) | χ2(1)=0.0129 | 0.9096 |
| Ever attempted suicide | 14 (16.7) | 45 (8.1) | χ2(1)=6.4735 | 0.0109 | |||||
| Lifetime severity of suicidality | (P)<0.0001 | 0.0334 | |||||||
| None | 23 (27.4) | 175 (31.4) | |||||||
| Thoughts of dying | 16 (19.0) | 161 (28.9) | |||||||
| Suicidal thoughts | 11 (13.1) | 86 (15.4) | |||||||
| Specific method | 11 (13.1) | 48 (8.6) | |||||||
| Plan/gesture | 5 (6.0) | 33 (5.9) | |||||||
| Preparation | 4 (4.8) | 10 (1.8) | |||||||
| Attempt | 14 (16.7) | 45 (8.1) | |||||||
| Abuse/neglect before age 18 | |||||||||
| Neglected | 35 (40.2) | 204 (35.4) | χ2(1)=0.7596 | 0.3835 | |||||
| Emotionally abused | 39 (44.8) | 221 (38.4) | χ2(1)=1.3231 | 0.2500 | |||||
| Physically abused | 17 (19.5) | 113 (19.6) | χ2(1)=0.0003 | 0.9864 | |||||
| Sexually abused | 15 (17.2) | 130 (22.6) | χ2(1)=1.2726 | 0.2593 | |||||
| Abused | 45 (51.7) | 264 (45.9) | χ2(1)=1.0252 | 0.3113 | |||||
NOTE: Chi-square for continuous measures indicates Kruskal-Wallis test.
Number in parentheses after t-test indicated number of sample included in the test.
Number in parentheses after χ2 reflects n-1 of groups tested
a
Denominator is number of women.
Abbreviations: MDD = major depressive disorder, HRSD17 = 17-item Hamilton rating scale for depression, IDS-C30 = 30-item inventory of depressive symptomatology – clinician-rated, QIDS-SR16 = 16-item quick inventory of depressive symptomatology - self-rated, QIDS-C16 = 16-item quick inventory of depressive symptomatology - clinician-rated, ASRMS = Altman self-rating mania scale, CAST-SR = concise associated symptom tracking - self-rated, CHRT-SR = concise health risk tracking - self-rated, CPFQ = cognitive and physical functioning questionnaire, QOLI = quality of life inventory, WSAS = work and social adjustment scale.