MPL administered simultaneously with FtL priming dampens anti-FtL primary responses and inhibits development of FtL-specific B-1a memory in PerC. Absolute number of anti-FtL B-1a in spleen (Top) or in the PerC (Middle), and serum IgM anti-FtL antibodies levels (Bottom) in C57BL6/J mice at d 5 after PBS, MPL, FtL, or FtL plus MPL injection. Each dot represents data from an individual mouse (n = 4–5, per group). Values are expressed as microliter equivalents of a standard serum pool from 5-d FtL primed C57BL6/J mice.