TABLE 2.
Age-standardized characteristics of 43,371 men in Health Professionals Follow-Up Study, 1986–2008
| Low-calorie soda consumption |
Sugar-sweetened soda consumption |
|||||||
| None | None up to once per week | Once per week up to once per day | Once per day or more | None | None up to once per week | Once per week up to once per day | Once per day or more | |
| Age (y) | 62 ± 111 | 62 ± 11 | 62 ± 11 | 61 ± 10 | 62 ± 11 | 62 ± 11 | 62 ± 11 | 61 ± 10 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25 ± 3 | 25 ± 3 | 26 ± 3 | 27 ± 4 | 26 ± 4 | 26 ± 3 | 26 ± 3 | 26 ± 4 |
| Current smoker (%) | 6 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 8 |
| Family history of early coronary artery disease (%) | 11 | 11 | 13 | 14 | 13 | 11 | 11 | 13 |
| History of high blood pressure (%) | 27 | 33 | 36 | 42 | 33 | 35 | 33 | 35 |
| History of high cholesterol (%) | 31 | 41 | 43 | 45 | 36 | 42 | 39 | 39 |
| Gain of >5 lb (2.27 kg) before onset of follow-up, 1981–1986 (%) | 30 | 31 | 34 | 40 | 31 | 32 | 34 | 37 |
| Physical activity (METs2/wk) | 33 ± 40 | 36 ± 40 | 36 ± 40 | 36 ± 42 | 35 ± 41 | 36 ± 40 | 34 ± 40 | 33 ± 41 |
| Aspirin use at least once per week (%) | 30 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 33 | 38 | 36 | 33 |
| Vitamin E use (%) | 18 | 21 | 20 | 19 | 21 | 21 | 18 | 14 |
| Dietary intake (servings/d) | ||||||||
| Red meat | 1.28 ± 0.98 | 1.12 ± 0.79 | 1.15 ± 0.82 | 1.23 ± 0.88 | 1.00 ± 0.85 | 1.08 ± 0.77 | 1.35 ± 0.88 | 1.73 ± 1.11 |
| Poultry | 0.36 ± 0.26 | 0.40 ± 0.24 | 0.42 ± 0.26 | 0.47 ± 0.30 | 0.41 ± 0.28 | 0.41 ± 0.25 | 0.41 ± 0.26 | 0.41 ± 0.30 |
| Fish | 0.30 ± 0.26 | 0.31 ± 0.24 | 0.34 ± 0.26 | 0.37 ± 0.29 | 0.37 ± 0.29 | 0.32 ± 0.244 | 0.31 ± 0.25 | 0.28 ± 0.25 |
| Whole-fat dairy | 1.39 ± 1.38 | 1.17 ± 1.08 | 1.08 ± 0.99 | 1.12 ± 0.99 | 1.02 ± 1.08 | 1.13 ± 1.05 | 1.33 ± 1.19 | 1.59 ± 1.35 |
| Low-fat dairy | 1.13 ± 1.23 | 1.25 ± 1.13 | 1.18 ± 1.08 | 1.15 ± 1.09 | 1.16 ± 1.16 | 1.20 ± 1.06 | 1.18 ± 1.16 | 1.05 ± 1.23 |
| Nuts | 0.25 ± 0.37 | 0.25 ± 0.33 | 0.24 ± 0.33 | 0.26 ± 0.37 | 0.25 ± 0.38 | 0.24 ± 0.33 | 0.25 ± 0.33 | 0.26 ± 0.35 |
| Fruit and vegetables | 5.46 ± 2.74 | 5.52 ± 2.63 | 5.52 ± 2.59 | 5.56 ± 2.73 | 5.76 ± 2.81 | 5.56 ± 2.63 | 5.38 ± 2.56 | 4.90 ± 2.60 |
| Alcohol (g/d) | 11.5 ± 15.6 | 10.9 ± 14.4 | 11.8 ± 14.8 | 11.6 ± 15.7 | 12.4 ± 16.0 | 11.8 ± 15.0 | 10.8 ± 14.3 | 10.0 ± 15.3 |
| Energy intake (kcal/d) | 2027 ± 580 | 1989 ± 546 | 1942 ± 543 | 1982 ± 568 | 1814 ± 519 | 1919 ± 509 | 2090 ± 555 | 2396 ± 616 |
| Cereal fiber intake (g/d)3 | 6.1 ± 3.4 | 6.7 ± 3.3 | 6.6 ± 3.4 | 6.4 ± 3.6 | 7.0 ± 4.1 | 6.9 ± 3.3 | 6.0 ± 2.9 | 4.8 ± 2.3 |
| trans Fatty acid intake (g/d)3 | 2.9 ± 1.2 | 3.0 ± 1.1 | 3.0 ± 1.1 | 3.0 ± 1.1 | 2.7 ± 1.2 | 3.0 ± 1.1 | 3.1 ± 1.1 | 3.1 ± 1.0 |
1
Values are means ± SDs and are standardized to the age distribution of the study population.
2
METs, metabolic equivalent tasks.
3
Cereal fiber and trans fatty acid intakes were calorie-adjusted by the residual method.