Table 1.
Characteristics of the Sample, by Income Tercile
| Sample Size | Total | Income Tercile# | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low | Medium | High | P Value | |||
| Patient Characteristics | ||||||
| Age, mean (SD) | 25,047 | 49.7 (16.4) | 49.6 | 49.9 | 49.6 | 0.42 |
| Female (%) | 25,047 | 60.8 | 61.4 | 60.9 | 60.2 | 0.31 |
| Chronic Conditions, mean (SD) | 25,047 | 1.0 (1.1) | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.0 | <0.001 |
| Patient Activation, mean (SD) | 25,047 | 66.4 (15.4) | 65.4 | 66.6 | 67.3 | <0.001 |
| Preventive Screening | ||||||
| Colon Cancer (%) | 11,952 | 66.1 | 62.4 | 65.4 | 70.5 | <0.001 |
| Cervical Cancer (%) | 10,064 | 80.5 | 79.7 | 79.8 | 82.0 | 0.03 |
| Breast Cancer (%) | 7,792 | 72.1 | 65.8 | 73.3 | 77.2 | <0.001 |
| Unhealthy Behaviors | ||||||
| Current Smoker (%) | 25,047 | 16.7 | 23.5 | 15.9 | 10.5 | <0.001 |
| Obese (%) | 25,047 | 40.3 | 45.1 | 40.9 | 34.7 | <0.001 |
| Clinical Indicators (% in normal range) | ||||||
| Systolic (%) | 23,812 | 48.7 | 44.6 | 48.0 | 54.0 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic (%) | 23,812 | 75.5 | 75.5 | 75.3 | 75.8 | 0.79 |
| LDL (%) | 12,552 | 73.9 | 72.4 | 75.2 | 74.0 | 0.01 |
| HDL (%) | 12,717 | 57.5 | 54.3 | 57.9 | 60.0 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (%) | 12,447 | 65.2 | 61.4 | 66.1 | 67.7 | <0.001 |
| A1c (%) | 3,070 | 60.3 | 56.6 | 62.1 | 63.0 | 0.005 |
| Costly Utilization | ||||||
| ED visit (% with 1+ visit ) | 25,047 | 17.9 | 23.6 | 17.9 | 12.0 | <0.001 |
| Hospitalization (% with 1+ ) | 25,047 | 9.0 | 10.2 | 9.3 | 7.6 | <0.001 |
#The low, medium, and high income terciles were respectively: $10,618–$22,653, $22,654–$28,606, and $28,607–$69,391