Fig. 5.

Pre- (a) and post-operative (b) full length sagittal radiographs of a patient with fixed thoracic kyphosis with good post-operative spino-pelvic alignment following thoracic pedicle subtraction osteotomy (TPSO). Pre- (c) and post-operative (d) full length sagittal radiographs of a patient with fixed thoracic kyphosis with poor post-operative spino-pelvic alignment following TPSO. Note the substantial positive sagittal malalignment, high pelvic tilt, and relative lack of lumbar lordosis for the patient in (c). Vertical line is the C7 plumb line. Circles represent femoral heads