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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Invest Dermatol. 2012 Feb 9;132(5):1346–1353. doi: 10.1038/jid.2011.482

Figure 1. Expression of IL-1 and IL-36 in human primary keratinocytes.

Figure 1

Keratinocytes were left untreated (a), treated (b) with medium only, poly(I:C) (25 μg/mL), flagellin (1 μg/mL), E. coli. DNA (10 μg/mL), LTA (5 μg/mL), LPS (5 μg/mL) or zymosan (25 μg/mL), or treated (c) with medium only or poly(I:C) at the indicated concentrations. Total RNA was isolated after 1, 6 or 24 hours and reverse transcription and real-time PCR performed. IL-1 family mRNA levels were normalized against GAPDH and fold differences (mean ± SD, n=2 per independent time-point and treatment) calculated relative to the IL-36α mRNA (a) or medium only (b and c) treated samples. Only IL-36γ mRNA expression was examined in (c). *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001 (comparing treatment with medium only at the same time-point (b and c) or as indicated (a and c)). Data shown are from one representative experiment of at least three independent experiments.