Fig. 1.

Hazard ratios of mortality for association of time-averaged weekly ESA dose with all-cause (a, c) and cardiovascular (b, d) mortality in 10,527 PD patients; and all-cause (e) and cardiovascular (f) mortality in 139,103 HD patients. Error bars show 95% CIs. Case-mix-adjusted models included weekly ESA dose, age, gender, race/ethnicity, ten pre-existing comorbid conditions, history of tobacco smoking, categories of dialysis vintage, primary insurance, marital status, presence of diabetes, serum ferritin and iron saturation. Case-mix plus malnutrition-inflammation-complex syndrome (MICS)-adjusted models included all of the covariates in the case-mix model as well as body mass index, serum levels of albumin, total iron-binding capacity, creatinine, phosphorus, calcium, bicarbonate, blood white blood cell count and lymphocyte percentage.