Validation of RNA-Seq data with qPCR. The expression of 12 genes was analyzed by qPCR. Muscle RNA samples from 3 aged control and 3 CR mice, including the ones used for the RNA-Seq study, were analyzed by qPCR. The solid bars representing the qPCR data are the fold change between control and CR groups as determined by the delta-delta comparative threshold method. The open bars representing the RNA-Seq data are the fold change in the specific mRNA for control and CR mice as determined by the Cuffcompare and Cuffdiff utilities included in the Cufflinks package. The genes analyzed were ATP citrate lyase (Acly), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21) (Cdkn1a), dual specificity phosphatase and pro isomerase domain containing 1 (Dupd1), F-box protein 32 (Fbxo32), growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible 45 alpha (Gadd45a), myogenic factor 6 (Myf6), myosin, light polypeptide 2, regulatory, cardiac, slow (Myl2), protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 1A (Ppp1r1a), stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 3 (Scd3), troponin C, cardiac/slow skeletal (Tnnc1), troponin I, skeletal, slow 1 (Tnni1), tripartite motif-containing 63 (Trim63), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gapdh).