Injection of AAV-RS301 preserved retinal structure and morphology in P23H transgenic mice. (A) Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images were captured in live mice at the 3-, 6-, and 9-month postinjection time points. Scale bars: 30 μm. (B) The thickness of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) was measured from SD-OCT images at four standard locations relative to the optic nerve head at 3, 6, and 9 months postinjection. The thickness of the ONL from right AAV-RS301-injected eyes was significantly greater than that from left AAV-GFP-injected eyes at corresponding time points (n=9; **p<0.005 at 3, 6, and 9 months). (C) Fundus images were captured at 1 and 9 months postinjection. Top left: A P23H transgenic mouse 1 month postinjection of AAV-GFP. Pigmentary changes were observed in the area near the optic nerve head (at 7 o'clock in this image). Top right: Normal appearance of the fundus in the AAV-RS301 contralateral eye. Bottom left: Significant bleaching and pigmentary irregularities in the retina of a control P23H eye treated with the control virus. Many white spots were present in the retina, with one hyperpigmented region near the optic nerve head. The optic nerve head was also pale in the control treated eyes. Bottom right: An image of an AAV-RS301-treated right eye. The fundus picture appears similar to the 1-month postinjection picture. IPL, inner plexiform layer; IS/OS, inner segment/outer segment interface.