Table 1. Genetic diversity measures estimated using 14 microsatellite loci in each of 20 Paeonia rockii populations.

Population	n	A	AR[10]	HO	HE	FIS a	IAMb	SMMb
BHC	6	1.93	1.81	0.25	0.319	0.236	0.064	0.18
BHP	6	3.29	2.71	0.469	0.391	−0.227	0.055	0.151
DC	25	5.29	2.86	0.493	0.554	0.116	0.38	0.999
DS	22	4.29	2.6	0.38	0.494	0.235	0.38	0.979
GQ	29	3.71	2.64	0.543	0.519	−0.046	0.002**	0.768
HS	26	3.21	2.13	0.347	0.395	0.122	0.428	0.979
JFM	4	3.43	-	0.673	0.691	0.03	-	-
JL	27	6.64	3.58	0.543	0.667	0.189	0.010*	0.979
KZV	13	4.64	3.16	0.509	0.609	0.17	0.052	0.866
LC	12	2.71	2.43	0.507	0.434	−0.178	0.001**	0.055
LD	24	4.21	2.6	0.476	0.533	0.11	0.034	0.709
LY	3	2.07	-	0.333	0.41	0.222	-	-
MY	24	5.36	3.12	0.616	0.642	0.041	0.001***	0.749
NX	24	4.07	2.48	0.552	0.512	−0.068	0.148	0.955
TC	2	1.43	-	0.286	0.274	−0.067	-	-
TM	3	1.86	-	0.381	0.352	−0.103	-	-
WX	30	5.14	2.77	0.538	0.566	0.051	0.047*	0.905
YP	26	4.79	2.62	0.508	0.515	0.014	0.665	1
YS	3	2.29	-	0.393	0.488	0.241	-	-
ZX	26	3.43	2.29	0.384	0.471	0.188	0.086	0.787
Average	16.75	3.69	2.65	0.459	0.492

Note: n, sample size; A, number of alleles per locus; AR _[10], mean within-population allelic richness for a standardized sample size of ten gene copies; H_O, observed heterozygosity; H_E, unbiased expected heterozygosity; F_IS, fixation index. Sequential Bonferroni correction was used to determine significance levels in multiple tests.

^aDeviations of F_IS from 0 in each population were evaluated by permutation tests.

^bProbabilities associated with Wilcoxon's signed-rank tests (one-tailed) for H_E>H_EQ, where H_EQ is the heterozygosity expected at mutation-drift equilibrium under the infinite-allele model (IAM) and the stepwise-mutation model (SMM) (Cornuet and Luikart 1996; Piry et al. 1999).

^* P<0.05,

^** P<0.01,

^*** P<0.001.